1. Electronegativity and Ionic Radius

2. Which element forms an ion that is smaller than its atom?
Sodium
Oxygen
Chlorine
Phosphorus

3. Which element forms an ion that is smaller than its atom?
Sodium When metals form ions, they lose their outer energy level – smaller ion

4. Which has a lower electronegativity?
Lithium (Li) or Gallium (Ga)? WHY?

5. Which has a lower electronegativity?
Gallium (Ga)
More energy levels – more shielding between nucleus and outer energy levels – more difficult for nucleus to reach electrons from other atoms

6. Which is larger?
Sr or Sr2+? WHY?

7. Which is larger? Sr
When metals form ions, they lose their outer energy level – smaller ion

8. Which element has the highest electronegativity?

9. Which element has the highest electronegativity?
Fluorine
Fewest energy levels and greatest Zeff excluding noble gases

10. Which family tends to form ions that are larger than their neutral atoms?
Transition metals
Alkaline metals
Halogens
Noble gases

11. Metals form smaller ions and noble gases do not form ions
Which family tends to form ions that are larger than their neutral atoms?
Halogens
Metals form smaller ions and noble gases do not form ions

12. Which is larger?
N or N-3? WHY?

13. Which is larger?
N-3?
Nonmetals gain electrons in the same energy level when forming ions – increased repulsion between electrons forces the ion to spread out

14. Which has a higher electronegativity?
Chlorine (Cl) or Argon (Ar)? Why?

15. Which has a higher electronegativity?
Chlorine (Cl)
Noble gases are not electronegative

16. Which has a high first ionization energy?
Magnesium (Mg) or Aluminum (Al)? WHY?

17. Which has a high first ionization energy?
Magnesium (Mg) EXCEPTION Aluminum’s p electron is shielded from the nucleus – easier to remove

18. Which has a higher SECOND ionization energy?
Sodium (Na) or Beryllium (Be)? WHY?

19. Which has a higher SECOND ionization energy?
Sodium (Na)
Sodium only has one valence electron, so the second electron removed is a core electron – removing a core electron requires a significant amount of energy