1. Chemistry of LIFE

2. What’s the matter???

3. Matter is made of…
Atoms  e- N P+ e- P+ N
Nucleus

4. Protons
In Nucleus
Charge is positive +  P+ P+ P+

5. Neutrons  N
In Nucleus
Charge: 0 neutral N N

6. Electrons e-
Orbit Nucleus  e- e-
Charge is Negative -

7. Quiz Question #1
Name the 3 subatomic particles.

8. Substance that consists of only one kind of atom
Element
Substance that consists of only one kind of atom

9. Isotopes are the same atom with different numbers of Neutrons
Hydrogen
Atoms

10. Then what is a Compound??

11. A compound is formed by the chemical combination of different atoms.

12. Quiz Question #2
What is a compound made from?

13. What Kinds of Chemical Bonds are there?

14. Ionic bonds are strong bonds in which atoms gain and lose electrons e- e-  e- e- e-
Electron is transferred between two neutral charged atoms e- + e- -  e-  e- e- e- e-
Atoms of ionic compound charged

15. Covalent bonds are between atoms which share electrons

16. Water has a covalent bond with electrons shared unevenly
Charge is uneven
Molecule is bent

17. Quiz Question #3
Name the type of bonding that shares electrons.

18. Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION
Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION. Water molecules are attracted to each other
Attraction

19. Cohesion Pulls water molecules together
Cohesion Pulls water molecules together. This is strongest at the surface. Which Means…

20. Uneven Charge Results in adhesion
Uneven Charge Results in adhesion. Water molecules are attracted to other substances.

21. Adhesion and cohesion allow water to travel long distances in a narrow tube

22. The Chemical properties of H2O are responsible for Ice being less dense than liquid water

23. Quiz Question #4
Explain why water has the properties of cohesion and adhesion.

24. PH: 8-14 PH: 0-6 Contain: more OH- ions Contain: more H+ ions
Acids Bases
PH: 8-14
Contain: more OH- ions
PH: 0-6
Contain: more H+ ions

25. In our body Acids and Bases are Buffered
Homeostasis maintains a PH of in humans

26. We constantly consume and use stronger acids and bases
OJ Coke You Soap Bleach

27. Quiz Question #5
What pH’s would be named “acids”?

28. Organic Chemistry/ Carbon Chemistry
Chemistry of compounds with Carbon

29. What Makes Carbon Special?
It has 4 electrons to share in covalent bonds

30. C C Forms Single Bonds O Double Bonds Triple Bonds
Bonds with other atoms O C C H

31. Quiz Question #6
What physical property makes carbon a special element?

32. Carbon forms 4 important compounds in living things

33. Living things use Carbohydrates for energy

34. Polysaccharides= Starches
Monosaccharide= simple sugar
Polysaccharides= Starches

35. Lipids store energy, and make up cell membranes
Fatty Acids Glycerol

36. Lipids store energy, and make up parts of our cell membranes
WE eat lipids in…

37. Proteins are made of long amino acid chains
Amino acids: 20 kinds and they determine shape

38. Proteins DO… Regulate cell processes Fight disease Control reactions
Move materials
Build, Bone, Muscle, ect.

39. We Eat Proteins in…

40. When we eat organic molecules our bodies use them for energy
Lipids (fats): 9 kcal per gram
Carbohydrates: ~4 kcal per gram

41. Nucleic acids are important in the transfer of genetic information
Nucleic acids are important in the transfer of genetic information. Known as DNA and RNA. Made of pieces called nucleotides.

42. Quiz Question #7
What are the 4 organic compounds we sutdy in biology?

43. Chemical reactions
Form bonds Break bonds store energy release energy

44. Some reactions require activation energy to begin. Often high heat

45. Enzymes are catalysts allowing reactions with lower activation energy

46. Quiz Question #8
What is activation energy?