1. What does science mean to you?
The Nature of Science
What does science mean to you?

2. Science - Science is a way or a process used
to investigate what is happening around us.
- You can use scientific methods to search for new knowledge and to solve everyday problems.

3. Scientists must share their information.
Why?

4. What are some of the skills scientists use to solve problems?

5. Observation/Inference
Observations are what you learn through your senses.
An Inference is how you explain what you observe.

6. Qualitative vs Quantitative?
Hint: “Quality” versus “ “Quantity”
Description versus an amount (number)
Qualitative: “Quality” Describes an object using adjectives
Quantitative: “Quantity” An amount (number)

8. Comparing is looking for similarities in objects and events.
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9. Contrasting is looking for differences in objects and events.

10. Sequencing is arranging things or events in a certain order.

11. Scientists use technology. What is technology?
Technology is the application of science to make products or tools that people can use to make life easier
Computer
Robotics
Medical Expertise and Equipment

12. Science and Technology
New discoveries lead to new technology and products.
Science continues to challenge old knowledge and ways of doing things.
Modern communication assures that scientific information is spread around the world.
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13. Technology in Your Life
List three technologies that have improved the study of science.
Can you think of a technology that may be controversial in the study of science?

15. DO NOW List the steps of the scientific method.
Hint: We start with something we want to know and hopefully end with a possible answer.
Objective for today: Steps of the scientific method.

16. The Scientific Method an example is… Used to solve all problems.
A step by step process to answer questions.
an example is…
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17. Recognize the Problem Form a Hypothesis Test your Hypothesis
Plan – Design an Experiment
Do – Observe and Record
Analyze your Data
Draw Conclusions

18. Sample Problem
Juan’s math teacher gives the class a quiz every day. Juan wants to improve his grades. He thinks that he might study better at a certain time of day. He decides to study math at different times of the day for the next three weeks. He chooses these times for study: before school, after school, after dinner and before bedtime.

19. Recognize the problem “What question needs to be answered?”
“What problem needs to be solved?”
“What do you want to know?”
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20. Form a hypothesis
A Hypothesis is a ‘prediction’ or statement that can be tested.
A Hypothesis is an ‘educated guess.’
A Hypothesis is based on information that you already know.
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21. DO NOW What are the 5 steps of the scientific method? Problem
Hypothesis
Test Hypothesis (experiment)
Analyze data
Form conclusion

22. DO NOW What is the metric unit for mass? Volume?
What number is the metric system based on?
How many millimeters are in a centimeter?

23. Ball Bounce Lab Independent Variable: Type of ball Dependent Variable:
Tennis Ball (cm)
Golf Ball (cm)
Trial 1 54 80
Trial 2 50 79
Trial 3 51
Average
51.6
79.6
Independent Variable:
Type of ball
Dependent Variable:
Height ball bounced
Height dropped ball, meter stick, force
Ball dropped, etc.
Constants:
An average is more accurate than one trial
There is always experimental error!

24. Test your hypothesis (Perform an experiment)
In well planned experiments, variables are tested. Only ONE variable changes at a time.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
CONSTANTS

25. DO NOW What is the measured variable called? Dependent variable
What is the variable that you are testing called?
Independent variable
What is the difference between a control group and constants?
Control group is the part of the experiment that you do NOT manipulate (normal conditions), constants are kept the same for all samples

26. The variable that is changed by the experimenter.
Independent variable
The variable that is changed by the experimenter.
When graphing, always put the independent variable on the horizontal axis, called the x-axis.
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27. Dependent variable The variable that is being measured.
The variable that changes because of what the experimenter does.
When graphing, always put the dependent variable on the vertical axis, called the y-axis.
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28. The variable(s) that stay the same.
Constant(s)
The variable(s) that stay the same.
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29. Your experiment will not be valid unless a control is used.
The CONTROL GROUP is a sample that is treated exactly like the other experimental groups except that the independent variable is not applied to it.
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30. Once your experimentation is completed.
Analyze your data
Once your experimentation is completed.
Review all observations and measurements.
Organize OBSERVATIONS and DATA.
Look for patterns, trends, correlations, similarities, differences …
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31. Draw conclusions Must match the objective.
Must support the hypothesis.
Communicate findings.
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32. Follow all the same steps and replan.
Revision if necessary
Follow all the same steps and replan.
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33. Using Science to Develop Technology and Explore
Skills that help analyze information
Comparing / Contrasting
Sequencing
Observation / Inference
Measuring
Interpreting
Communicating
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34. Ways to organize information for analysis.
Graphing
Data table
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35. Do Now: What is the best way to organize data
Do Now: What is the best way to organize data? One way to analyze data is to arrange it in the form of a Graph…

36. Do Now: What is the best way to organize data?

37. Graphing Data can be analyzed to see if it supports the hypothesis.
A graph is a diagram that shows the relationship of one variable to another.
A graph makes interpretation and analysis of data easier.

38. How to Construct a Line Graph
1. Independent Variable on the X axis, label with units.
2. Dependent variable on the y axis, label with units.
3. Determine the variable range – Subtract the lowest number from the highest. Do this for each variable
4. Determine the scale of the graph – (by 2, 5, 10 or more) Spread out the graph to use MOST of the paper. Count how many boxes you have and then compare to your range from #3 to determine what number to scale by.

39. Continued
5. Plot the data points. Plot each point with an “X”. If your point is not exactly on the line of thegraph estimate the best spot.
6. Connect the X’s. Draw a curve that best fits the data points. Do not connect the dots!
7. Title the graph. If your graph has more than one set of data provide a key to identify different lines.

40. Graphing example PLANT GROWTH OVER TIME Give your graph a title… G R O50 40 30 20 10
PLANT GROWTH OVER TIME G R O W T H
(cm)
Always put the dependent variable on the vertical axis, called the y-axis.
Label and scale each axis,
Including units.
Plot the data and connect.
Graphing example
The origin
TIME (days)
Always put the independent variable on the horizontal axis, called the x-axis.
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42. DO NOW
How do you interpolate and extrapolate on a graph?

43. Extrapolate
extending the graph, along the same slope, above or below measured data.

44. Interpolate
obtaining  a  value  from  a  graph that  is located  between  major  points  given,  or  between
data  points  plotted.

45. Data Tables Identify the independent variable
Label the first column
Record the values
Identify the dependent variable
Label the next column(s)

46. Data table example PLANT GROWTH OVER TIME
Give your data table a title…
Identify the independent variable
Label the first column
Identify the dependent variable
Label the next column(s)
PLANT GROWTH OVER TIME
TIME (days)
GROWTH (cm)
Record the values 1 2 3
Record the values 32 38 40
Data table example

47. Experiments with Multiple Trials
Each trial becomes a new column
Must match the procedure
The final column would average them

48. Number of Successes Name Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Bob 5 7 6
Carol 8
Harry 9

49. Variety of Data Tables Depend on the type of experiment
Contain the information related to the experiment
Organized format for analyzing data
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50. SAFE TIPS tart a lab activity only with your teacher’s permission.
sk your teacher if you do not understand a procedure.
ollow all safety symbols.
SAFE TIPS
ngage in responsible behavior.
ell your teacher immediately of accidents, spills, or injuries.
dentify the location of emergency equipment.
ut away chemicals and supplies properly.
lant test tubes away from you and others when heating.

51. ? ? ? Science is a process in which you… …choose the best …begin with
tools to make the
most accurate
observations ?
…begin with
questions and
observations ? ?
…uncover the facts
that are added to your
library of knowledge
…find the best way
to organize facts as
data
…use the data as
evidence to build a
logical explanation about what
happened
…use the most
important scientific tool
possible – your mind