1. CRCT REVIEW

2. How did the English colonization of Australia affect the Aborigines?
A It led to the discovery of gold, which made the Aborigines wealthy.
B It resulted in an outbreak of disease, which reduced the Aborigine population.
C It made the land difficult to farm, which caused the Aborigines to have less food.
D It introduced a new system of laws, which made it easier for the Aborigines to own land.

3. How did the English colonization of Australia affect the Aborigines?
A It led to the discovery of gold, which made the Aborigines wealthy.
B It resulted in an outbreak of disease, which reduced the Aborigine population.
C It made the land difficult to farm, which caused the Aborigines to have less food.
D It introduced a new system of laws, which made it easier for the Aborigines to own land.

4. A Taxes are higher in Quebec.
Why do some people in Quebec want independence from Canada?
A Taxes are higher in Quebec.
B The standard of living is better in Quebec.
C Quebec’s culture is different.
D Quebec’s industries export more goods.

5. A Taxes are higher in Quebec.
Why do some people in Quebec want independence from Canada?
A Taxes are higher in Quebec.
B The standard of living is better in Quebec.
C Quebec’s culture is different.
D Quebec’s industries export more goods.

6. A the Treaty of Versailles B the colonization of Africa
Which of these led to the end of the Cold War?
A the Treaty of Versailles
B the colonization of Africa
C the bombing of Hiroshima
D the collapse of the Soviet Union

7. A the Treaty of Versailles B the colonization of Africa
Which of these led to the end of the Cold War?
A the Treaty of Versailles
B the colonization of Africa
C the bombing of Hiroshima
D the collapse of the Soviet Union

8. 4. Which environmental consequence resulted from the Chernobyl disaster?
A Glaciers began to melt.
B Radiation polluted the area.
C Rain forests were destroyed.
D Oil was spilled into the ocean.

9. 4. Which environmental consequence resulted from the Chernobyl disaster?
A Glaciers began to melt.
B Radiation polluted the area.
C Rain forests were destroyed.
D Oil was spilled into the ocean.

10. 5. Cuba has a dictatorship, and Brazil has a presidential democracy
5. Cuba has a dictatorship, and Brazil has a presidential democracy. How are these countries different from each other?
A In Cuba, the head of government has unlimited power.
B In Brazil, the head of government is appointed for life.
C In Cuba, more citizens protest against the government.
D In Brazil, all newspapers are owned by the government.

11. 5. Cuba has a dictatorship, and Brazil has a presidential democracy
5. Cuba has a dictatorship, and Brazil has a presidential democracy. How are these countries different from each other?
A In Cuba, the head of government has unlimited power.
B In Brazil, the head of government is appointed for life.
C In Cuba, more citizens protest against the government.
D In Brazil, all newspapers are owned by the government.

12. 6. What role did Pizarro play in the history of Latin America?
A He led a small Spanish force to defeat the Inca Empire.
B He conquered the Aztecs by creating alliances with their enemy.
C He led a revolt that resulted in Haitian independence from France.
D He created nationalism in Argentina by appealing

13. 6. What role did Pizarro play in the history of Latin America?
A He led a small Spanish force to defeat the Inca Empire.
B He conquered the Aztecs by creating alliances with their enemy.
C He led a revolt that resulted in Haitian independence from France.
D He created nationalism in Argentina by appealing

14. 7. Why is Australia more of a market economy than a command economy?
A It has very few trading partners.
B Farmers grow crops for themselves only.
C The government decides how to distribute services.
D Consumers determine which goods should be produced.

15. 7. Why is Australia more of a market economy than a command economy?
A It has very few trading partners.
B Farmers grow crops for themselves only.
C The government decides how to distribute services.
D Consumers determine which goods should be produced.

16. 8. Why would a country make investments in human capital?
A to decrease population
B to increase unemployment
C to decrease natural resources
D to increase gross domestic product (GDP)

17. 8. Why would a country make investments in human capital?
A to decrease population
B to increase unemployment
C to decrease natural resources
D to increase gross domestic product (GDP)

18. 9. Which letter points to the location of the Panama Canal?
A A
B B
C C
D D

19. 9. Which letter points to the location of the Panama Canal?
A A
B B
C C
D D

20. 10. Why do few people live in the eastern part of Russia?
A There is little fresh water.
B The summers are hot and humid.
C The weather is extremely cold.
D There are long rainy seasons.

21. 10. Why do few people live in the eastern part of Russia?
A There is little fresh water.
B The summers are hot and humid.
C The weather is extremely cold.
D There are long rainy seasons.

22. 11. How does Australia’s high literacy rate affect its economy and enhance the standard of living for its citizens?
A Australia’s high literacy rate contributes to its economic success and promotes a high standard of living.
B The literacy rate has little effect on Australia’s economy, thus it does not affect the standard of living.
C Australia’s high literacy rate is the result of its poor economy.
D The small percentage of people who cannot read are hindering most of Australia’s economic growth.

23. 11. How does Australia’s high literacy rate affect its economy and enhance the standard of living for its citizens?
A Australia’s high literacy rate contributes to its economic success and promotes a high standard of living.
B The literacy rate has little effect on Australia’s economy, thus it does not affect the standard of living.
C Australia’s high literacy rate is the result of its poor economy.
D The small percentage of people who cannot read are hindering most of Australia’s economic growth.

24. 12. If the prime minister of the United Kingdom wants to improve the UK’s economy, he might make it easier for the citizens to open small businesses by giving tax breaks and other incentives to British citizens who want to start a new business. His plan would encourage economic growth by focusing on which factor of production?
A investment in human resources
B investment in capital resources
C investment in natural resources
D investment in entrepreneurship

25. 12. If the prime minister of the United Kingdom wants to improve the UK’s economy, he might make it easier for the citizens to open small businesses by giving tax breaks and other incentives to British citizens who want to start a new business. His plan would encourage economic growth by focusing on which factor of production?
A investment in human resources
B investment in capital resources
C investment in natural resources
D investment in entrepreneurship

26. 13. The British were the first Europeans to colonize Australia
13. The British were the first Europeans to colonize Australia. What was one of the reasons the British colonized Australia?
A they used it to train British priests
B they used it as a remote penal colony
C they wanted to learn the culture of the Aborigines
D they enslaved the Aborigines and forced them to work on cotton plantations.

27. 13. The British were the first Europeans to colonize Australia
13. The British were the first Europeans to colonize Australia. What was one of the reasons the British colonized Australia?
A they used it to train British priests
B they used it as a remote penal colony
C they wanted to learn the culture of the Aborigines
D they enslaved the Aborigines and forced them to work on cotton plantations.

28. 14. You live in a country that is ruled by one man
14. You live in a country that is ruled by one man. You can only see government-approved TV stations and Internet sites. You have elections, but you are only allowed to vote for your current leader and anyone who speaks out against the government is jailed. Your government is best described as:
A democratic
B oligarchic
C autocratic
D parliamentary

29. 14. You live in a country that is ruled by one man
14. You live in a country that is ruled by one man. You can only see government-approved TV stations and Internet sites. You have elections, but you are only allowed to vote for your current leader and anyone who speaks out against the government is jailed. Your government is best described as:
A democratic
B oligarchic
C autocratic
D parliamentary

30. 15. You live in a democratic country
15. You live in a democratic country. You vote for representatives in your national government. Your leader was chosen by the majority political party in the national legislature. What form of government do you have?
A parliamentary
B presidential
C autocratic
D oligarchic

31. 15. You live in a democratic country
15. You live in a democratic country. You vote for representatives in your national government. Your leader was chosen by the majority political party in the national legislature. What form of government do you have?
A parliamentary
B presidential
C autocratic
D oligarchic

32. 16. What is the main purpose of the European Union?
A To require all European nations to adopt a command economy
B To create a large standing army for use around the world
C To solve Europe’s environmental problems
D To strengthen the economic, political, and defense ties of member nations

33. 16. What is the main purpose of the European Union?
A To require all European nations to adopt a command economy
B To create a large standing army for use around the world
C To solve Europe’s environmental problems
D To strengthen the economic, political, and defense ties of member nations

34. 17. What do the economic systems of the UK, Germany, Brazil, Russia, Canada, and Australia have in common?
A All are examples of pure market economies
B All are examples of mixed economies that are mostly market economies with some elements of command economies
C All are examples of mixed economies that are mostly command economies with some elements of market economies
D All are examples of pure command economies

35. 17. What do the economic systems of the UK, Germany, Brazil, Russia, Canada, and Australia have in common?
A All are examples of pure market economies
B All are examples of mixed economies that are mostly market economies with some elements of command economies
C All are examples of mixed economies that are mostly command economies with some elements of market economies
D All are examples of pure command economies

36. 18. Canada has determined that toys imported from China have toxic lead-based paint that can cause brain damage or death to young children. What type of trade barrier could Canada use to ensure no Canadian child would be exposed to the deadly paint?
A embargo
B quota
C exchange rate
D tariff

37. 18. Canada has determined that toys imported from China have toxic lead-based paint that can cause brain damage or death to young children. What type of trade barrier could Canada use to ensure no Canadian child would be exposed to the deadly paint?
A embargo
B quota
C exchange rate
D tariff

38. 19. What were the main causes of World War I?
A the killing of a royal family member and alliances
B the invasion of Poland and Czechoslovakia
C militarism, alliances, and nationalism
D the bombing of London and Paris

39. 19. What were the main causes of World War I?
A the killing of a royal family member and alliances
B the invasion of Poland and Czechoslovakia
C militarism, alliances, and nationalism
D the bombing of London and Paris

40. 20. How did the Treaty of Versailles cause World War II?
A Japan had to accept blame for invading China
B the people of Russia revolted against the Christian church
C an assassin killed a member of the royal family
D Germany had to accept total blame and pay for all the damage

41. 20. How did the Treaty of Versailles cause World War II?
A Japan had to accept blame for invading China
B the people of Russia revolted against the Christian church
C an assassin killed a member of the royal family
D Germany had to accept total blame and pay for all the damage

42. 21. What was the main reason Europeans began to explore in the 1400s?
A To share their knowledge of the known world
B To expand the Muslim religion
C To find a sea route to the spices of Asia
D To trade their natural resources

43. 21. What was the main reason Europeans began to explore in the 1400s?
A To share their knowledge of the known world
B To expand the Muslim religion
C To find a sea route to the spices of Asia
D To trade their natural resources

44. 22. A leading cause of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is
A mining
B air pollution
C cattle ranching
D tribal conflicts

45. 22. A leading cause of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is
A mining
B air pollution
C cattle ranching
D tribal conflicts

46. 23. Latin America is ethnically diverse because of a blending of
A indigenous Americans, Asians, and Africans
B Indigenous Americans, Asians, and Europeans
C Europeans, Africans, and Asians
D Indigenous Americans, Europeans, and Africans

47. 23. Latin America is ethnically diverse because of a blending of
A indigenous Americans, Asians, and Africans
B Indigenous Americans, Asians, and Europeans
C Europeans, Africans, and Asians
D Indigenous Americans, Europeans, and Africans

48. 24. One strong influence on the growth of vegetation in Canada is
A climate
B the size of the region
C rivers
D the heights of mountains

49. 24. One strong influence on the growth of vegetation in Canada is
A climate
B the size of the region
C rivers
D the heights of mountains

50. 25. Due to colonization by this country, the governments of Australia and Canada are most similar to the government of
A United Kingdom
B Germany
C Portugal
D Spain

51. 25. Due to colonization by this country, the governments of Australia and Canada are most similar to the government of
A United Kingdom
B Germany
C Portugal
D Spain

52. 26. What three economic questions are asked when studying the similarities of a traditional, command, and market economy among the nations of the world?
A What is your opportunity cost, what economic resources are needed, why should these resources by used?
B What to produce, why to produce, when to produce?
C What is your opportunity cost, why are economic resources needed, when should these resources by used?
D What to produce, how to produce, for whom to produce?

53. 26. What three economic questions are asked when studying the similarities of a traditional, command, and market economy among the nations of the world?
A What is your opportunity cost, what economic resources are needed, why should these resources by used?
B What to produce, why to produce, when to produce?
C What is your opportunity cost, why are economic resources needed, when should these resources by used?
D What to produce, how to produce, for whom to produce?

54. 27. How did the agreement of NAFTA affect the economy of Canada?
A It created many low paying jobs in Canada.
B Jobs were relocated to the United States
C It decreased imports to Canada
D It eliminated trade barriers with the U.S. and Mexico.

55. 27. How did the agreement of NAFTA affect the economy of Canada?
A It created many low paying jobs in Canada.
B Jobs were relocated to the United States
C It decreased imports to Canada
D It eliminated trade barriers with the U.S. and Mexico.

56. 28. Part of the Columbian Exchange between Europe and the Americas included the
A Movement of many indigenous Americans to Europe
B Movement of goods on shipping routes across the Pacific
C Introduction of new crops to Europe and the Americas
D Introduction of mass production and factory buildings to the Americas

57. 28. Part of the Columbian Exchange between Europe and the Americas included the
A Movement of many indigenous Americans to Europe
B Movement of goods on shipping routes across the Pacific
C Introduction of new crops to Europe and the Americas
D Introduction of mass production and factory buildings to the Americas

58. 29. Miguel Hidalgo is best known as the Father of Independence in
A Bolivia
B Haiti
C Mexico
D Venezuela

59. 29. Miguel Hidalgo is best known as the Father of Independence in
A Bolivia
B Haiti
C Mexico
D Venezuela

60. 30. A lasting impact of the Cuban Revolution has been
A less political freedom for Cubans .
B less need for trade with other countries.
C more leaders chosen by the people.
D more economic choices for the people.

61. 30. A lasting impact of the Cuban Revolution has been
A less political freedom for Cubans .
B less need for trade with other countries.
C more leaders chosen by the people.
D more economic choices for the people.

62. 31. Which was NOT a reason for the establishment of European overseas colonies? A. Europeans wanted to spread Christianity to other peoples. B. European industry needed more sources of raw materials. C. Europeans were interested in learning from other cultures. D. Europeans thought that colonies would buy European products.

63. 31. Which was NOT a reason for the establishment of European overseas colonies? A. Europeans wanted to spread Christianity to other peoples. B. European industry needed more sources of raw materials. C. Europeans were interested in learning from other cultures. D. Europeans thought that colonies would buy European products.

64. 32. Today, some citizens and elected leaders of Québec believe their province should take which action?
A. refuse to trade with the United States B. close its borders to all new immigrants C. withdraw from the United Nations D. become an independent country

65. 32. Today, some citizens and elected leaders of Québec believe their province should take which action?
A. refuse to trade with the United States B. close its borders to all new immigrants C. withdraw from the United Nations D. become an independent country

66. 33. Who were the first inhabitants of Australia?
A. prisoners from Britain B. Europeans looking for spices C. people who migrated from Asia D. sailors from Captain Cook's ships

67. 33. Who were the first inhabitants of Australia?
A. prisoners from Britain B. Europeans looking for spices C. people who migrated from Asia D. sailors from Captain Cook's ships

68. 34. The African slave trade grew because European nations wanted the captured Africans
A. to work in the new factories. B. to replace the labor of the serfs. C. to work on the plantations in their colonies. D. to increase the number of soldiers in their armies.

69. 34. The African slave trade grew because European nations wanted the captured Africans
A. to work in the new factories. B. to replace the labor of the serfs. C. to work on the plantations in their colonies. D. to increase the number of soldiers in their armies.

70. 35. The first Australians were nomadic hunters and gatherers
35. The first Australians were nomadic hunters and gatherers. When Europeans reached Australia, they called the dark−skinned people they encountered A. Maoris. B. Inuits. C. Aztecs. D. Aborigines.

71. 35. The first Australians were nomadic hunters and gatherers
35. The first Australians were nomadic hunters and gatherers. When Europeans reached Australia, they called the dark−skinned people they encountered A. Maoris. B. Inuits. C. Aztecs. D. Aborigines.

72. 36. "The Liberator" who led Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador in their successful fight for independence from Spain was
A. Simon Bolivar. B. Miguel Hidalgo. C. Jose de San Martin. D. Toussaint L'Ouverture.

73. 36. "The Liberator" who led Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador in their successful fight for independence from Spain was
A. Simon Bolivar. B. Miguel Hidalgo. C. Jose de San Martin. D. Toussaint L'Ouverture.

74. 37. Which of the following was an important cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917?
A. differences among religious and ethnic groups in Russia B. an unsuccessful attempt by China to invade Russia C. differences among social and economic classes in Russia D. an unsuccessful attempt by Britain to invade Russia

75. 37. Which of the following was an important cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917?
A. differences among religious and ethnic groups in Russia B. an unsuccessful attempt by China to invade Russia C. differences among social and economic classes in Russia D. an unsuccessful attempt by Britain to invade Russia

76. 38. In the 1400s, this man helped Portugal take an early lead in exploration by providing money to study navigation, develop better boats, and encourage voyages along the coast of Africa. Who was he? A. Prince Henry B. Christopher Columbus C. Francisco Pizarro D. James Cook

77. 38. In the 1400s, this man helped Portugal take an early lead in exploration by providing money to study navigation, develop better boats, and encourage voyages along the coast of Africa. Who was he? A. Prince Henry B. Christopher Columbus C. Francisco Pizarro D. James Cook

78. 39. In the 1500s the Aztec Empire in Central America was conquered by Spanish soldiers led by
A. James Cook. B. Montezuma. C. Hernando Cortés. D. Christopher Columbus.

79. 39. In the 1500s the Aztec Empire in Central America was conquered by Spanish soldiers led by
A. James Cook. B. Montezuma. C. Hernando Cortés. D. Christopher Columbus.

80. 40. How did Canada achieve independence from Britain?
A. by a war for independence B. as a result of the American Revolution C. as a result of the British defeat of the French D. by means of negotiations over a period of time

81. 40. How did Canada achieve independence from Britain?
A. by a war for independence B. as a result of the American Revolution C. as a result of the British defeat of the French D. by means of negotiations over a period of time

82. 41. Cortes and Pizarro were able to conquer the Aztecs and the Incas because
A. the Native Americans were peaceful and refused to fight the Spanish soldiers. B. the Aztec navy was quickly defeated by the superior Spanish Armada. C. the Aztecs and Incas were at war with each other, making them weaker. D. European diseases killed many Native Americans who might have fought the Spanish.

83. 41. Cortes and Pizarro were able to conquer the Aztecs and the Incas because
A. the Native Americans were peaceful and refused to fight the Spanish soldiers. B. the Aztec navy was quickly defeated by the superior Spanish Armada. C. the Aztecs and Incas were at war with each other, making them weaker. D. European diseases killed many Native Americans who might have fought the Spanish.

84. 42. Withdrawal from WWI, poverty, starvation, overthrow of the czar, civil war and communism are associated with the
A. Chinese Revolution. B. Russian Revolution. C. French Revolution. D. Spanish Revolution.

85. 42. Withdrawal from WWI, poverty, starvation, overthrow of the czar, civil war and communism are associated with the
A. Chinese Revolution. B. Russian Revolution. C. French Revolution. D. Spanish Revolution.

86. 43. A book about the history of Latin America during the 1800s featuring Toussaint L'Ouverture, Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo, would most likely have which title?
A. The Rise of Communism in Latin America B. Independence Movements in Latin America C. United States Colonies in Latin America D. The Rise of the Slave Trade in Latin America

87. 43. A book about the history of Latin America during the 1800s featuring Toussaint L'Ouverture, Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo, would most likely have which title?
A. The Rise of Communism in Latin America B. Independence Movements in Latin America C. United States Colonies in Latin America D. The Rise of the Slave Trade in Latin America

88. 44. In the 1800s, Miguel Hidalgo helped to inspire the people of Mexico to rise up against which country to eventually gain independence?
A. England B. France C. Russia D. Spain

89. 44. In the 1800s, Miguel Hidalgo helped to inspire the people of Mexico to rise up against which country to eventually gain independence?
A. England B. France C. Russia D. Spain

90. 45. Canada gained its independence from Britain by
A. winning the war against Britain. B. buying the land from Britain. C. peaceful means. D. going to war.

91. 45. Canada gained its independence from Britain by
A. winning the war against Britain. B. buying the land from Britain. C. peaceful means. D. going to war.

92. 46. After a ten-year struggle, Haiti was the first nation in Latin America to gain independence in How did Haiti win its independence from France?
A. in a revolution started by Simón Bolivar B. when the British defeated Napoleon at Waterloo C. in a revolt led by the former slave, Toussaint L'Ouverture D. as part of the treaty at the end of the French and Indian War

93. 46. After a ten-year struggle, Haiti was the first nation in Latin America to gain independence in How did Haiti win its independence from France?
A. in a revolution started by Simón Bolivar B. when the British defeated Napoleon at Waterloo C. in a revolt led by the former slave, Toussaint L'Ouverture D. as part of the treaty at the end of the French and Indian War

94. 47. Spain colonized many countries in Latin America
47. Spain colonized many countries in Latin America. How is Spain's influence still seen in these countries today?
A. No Native American customs and languages have survived. B. The king of Spain is still the head of state of most of these countries. C. Most of the people in these countries are Roman Catholic. D. Most of these countries have a strong democratic tradition.

95. 47. Spain colonized many countries in Latin America
47. Spain colonized many countries in Latin America. How is Spain's influence still seen in these countries today?
A. No Native American customs and languages have survived. B. The king of Spain is still the head of state of most of these countries. C. Most of the people in these countries are Roman Catholic. D. Most of these countries have a strong democratic tradition.

96. 48. Which country had the most significant impact on the language and religion of Latin America?
A. Britain B. France C. Spain D. Portugal

97. 48. Which country had the most significant impact on the language and religion of Latin America?
A. Britain B. France C. Spain D. Portugal

98. 49. Which describes a way that Russian is different from other European languages?
A. It is only spoken in Asia. B. It uses a different alphabet. C. It is not an official language of the EU. D. It is not a native language for any country.

99. 49. Which describes a way that Russian is different from other European languages?
A. It is only spoken in Asia. B. It uses a different alphabet. C. It is not an official language of the EU. D. It is not a native language for any country.

100. 50. In the 1500s, the Incan civilization led by ______________ was conquered by Pizarro and other Spanish soldiers
A. Atahualpa. B. Magellan. C. Montezuma. D. Quetzalcoatl.

101. 50. In the 1500s, the Incan civilization led by ______________ was conquered by Pizarro and other Spanish soldiers
A. Atahualpa. B. Magellan. C. Montezuma. D. Quetzalcoatl.