1. Revolution Brings Terror and Reform
Chapter 23
section 2

2. Key Terms Legislative Assembly Émigré Sans-coulotte Jacobin
Maximilien Robespierre
Guillotine
Reign of Terror

3. Legislating New Rights
1789 National Assembly eliminated all feudal dues and services
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen-basic principles
Equality
Liberty
Fraternity (brotherhood)

4. Legislating New Rights
Inspired by English Bill of Rights
American Declaration of Independence
Writings of Enlightenment philosophers
All men are born equal and remain equal

5. Restrictions on Power Seized the royal family
National Assembly seized church lands
Sold them off to pay France’s debt
All religious orders were disbanded
Turned the clergy into public employees

6. A Limited Monarchy 1791 constitution was completed Louis approved it
Created a limited constitutional monarchy
Stripped the king of much of his authority
Created new legislative body- National Assembly

7. Factions split France
All members of national convention supported the revolution
Three political factions
First- Radicals
Sat on the left side of the hall
Opposed the ideas on the monarchy
Wanted sweeping changes in the way government was run

8. Factions Split France Second-Conservatives
Sat on the right side of the hall
Upheld the idea of a monarchy
Wanted a few changes in governmentally

9. Factions in the New Government
Émigré- nobles and others who had fled France
Factions outside of the National Assembly
Hoped to undo the Revolution
Restore the Old Regime

10. Factions Split France Sans-coulottes Those without knee britches
Wore regular trousers
Did not have a role in the assembly
Discovered ways to exert their power on the streets of France

11. France at War 1792 Prussian forces advance towards Paris
Threatened to destroy Paris if any of the royal family were harmed
20,000 men and women invaded Tuileries where the royal family was
Massacred royal guards
Imprisoned the royal family

12. France at War
French troops defending Paris were sent to reinforce the army
Rumors spread supporters of the king would break out and seize control
Citizens raid prisons and killed thousands
Nobles, priests and royalist sympathizers were victims

13. France at War Legislative Assembly set aside the constitution
Declared the king deposed
Dissolved the assembly
Called for new election
National Convention took office

14. Tightening Control National Convention tightened hold on France
Abolished the monarchy
Declared France a Republic
Adult males given the right to vote and hold office
Women were not given those rights

15. Jacobins Take Control Jean-Paul Marat- advocate of violence
Leader of Paris sans culottes
Edited a newspaper called Friend of the People
One of the National convention’s most radical leaders
Called for the death of all who support the king

16. Radical Leaders Georges-Jacques Danton violent agitator
Popular with the people
Devoted the rights of Paris’s poor people

17. Execution of the King
National Assembly had reduced Louis XVI from king to common citizen and prisoner
National convention had the king placed on trial
Jacobins tried Louis for treason
January 21, 1793 Louis placed on the guillotine

18. Execution of the King Louis tried to proclaim innocence
Young guard held up the dripping head for all to see
Europeans reacted in horror
London Times condemned the revolution and execution as savagery

19. War Continues Austria and Prussia
French army won a victory at Battle of Valmy
Great Britain, Holland, and Spain joined against France
France suffered defeats
300,000 French citizens between 18 and 40 were drafted
800,000 in army including women

20. Transforming Society
Leaders of new government wanted to erase the past
Including religion
Many clergy lost their positions
Paris local governments closed churches

21. Terror Grips France Robespierre wanted to build a “republic of virtue”
Wipe out everything from France’s past
Thought religion was old fashioned and dangerous
Closed all the churches ”

22. Terror Grips France Metric system replaced old weights and measures
Months were renamed
Each month had 3 ten day weeks
Revolutionary calendar fell out of use
Metric system still used

23. Reign of Terror
Great Britain, Holland, Spain, Austria, Prussia formed a coalition for war
Took drastic measures to prevent a counterrevolution
Committee of Public Safety was to protect the revolution from its enemies

24. Accusations by Trial
Anyone who criticized revolution or connected to the Old Order were in danger
The accused had few rights
Some were forbidden to defend themselves

25. The Terror Grips France
Enemies were tried in the morning and guillotined in the afternoon.
Justified use of terror to enable citizens to remain true to the ideals of revolution
Saw a connection between virtue and terror

26. Terror Grips France
Many who had led the revolution received death sentences
Only crime was that they were less radical than Robespierre
George Danton’s friends were afraid to defend him
Said “Don’t forget to show his head. It’s well worth seeing”

27. Death by Guillotine Most common sentence of death Death was quick
Condemned rode in open cart and were paraded through the streets
Sometimes people would cheer or jeer them

28. The Terror’s Victims
Did not spare particular class, occupation, or gender
Peasants and laborers the largest group executed (85%)
Marie Antoinette one of the earliest victims

29. The Terror’s Victims
Olympe de Gouges who wrote Declaration of Woman and the Female Citizen was executed
Nuns who refused to close their convents
Robespierre himself was executed
His head and 100 supporters were killed

30. Terror’s Victims 10 months 300,000 people were arrested
17,000 were executed
Widespread violence shocked the French
Increased foreign opposition to the Revolution
Actions to protect revolution actually weakened it

31. End of the Terror 1795 National Convention wrote another constitution
Restricted voting rights to men who own property
Governing board called the Directory was formed
Made up of five men

32. End of the Terror Passed some financial reforms
Not a effective government
Directors were weak and corrupt
Rule shared many characteristics of the Old Order
Result was a power vacuum