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Revolution Brings Terror and Reform

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Presentation on theme: "Revolution Brings Terror and Reform"— Presentation transcript:

1 Revolution Brings Terror and Reform
Chapter 23 section 2

2 Key Terms Legislative Assembly Émigré Sans-coulotte Jacobin
Maximilien Robespierre Guillotine Reign of Terror

3 Legislating New Rights
1789 National Assembly eliminated all feudal dues and services Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen-basic principles Equality Liberty Fraternity (brotherhood)

4 Legislating New Rights
Inspired by English Bill of Rights American Declaration of Independence Writings of Enlightenment philosophers All men are born equal and remain equal

5 Restrictions on Power Seized the royal family
National Assembly seized church lands Sold them off to pay France’s debt All religious orders were disbanded Turned the clergy into public employees

6 A Limited Monarchy 1791 constitution was completed Louis approved it
Created a limited constitutional monarchy Stripped the king of much of his authority Created new legislative body- National Assembly

7 Factions split France All members of national convention supported the revolution Three political factions First- Radicals Sat on the left side of the hall Opposed the ideas on the monarchy Wanted sweeping changes in the way government was run

8 Factions Split France Second-Conservatives
Sat on the right side of the hall Upheld the idea of a monarchy Wanted a few changes in governmentally

9 Factions in the New Government
Émigré- nobles and others who had fled France Factions outside of the National Assembly Hoped to undo the Revolution Restore the Old Regime

10 Factions Split France Sans-coulottes Those without knee britches
Wore regular trousers Did not have a role in the assembly Discovered ways to exert their power on the streets of France

11 France at War 1792 Prussian forces advance towards Paris
Threatened to destroy Paris if any of the royal family were harmed 20,000 men and women invaded Tuileries where the royal family was Massacred royal guards Imprisoned the royal family

12 France at War French troops defending Paris were sent to reinforce the army Rumors spread supporters of the king would break out and seize control Citizens raid prisons and killed thousands Nobles, priests and royalist sympathizers were victims

13 France at War Legislative Assembly set aside the constitution
Declared the king deposed Dissolved the assembly Called for new election National Convention took office

14 Tightening Control National Convention tightened hold on France
Abolished the monarchy Declared France a Republic Adult males given the right to vote and hold office Women were not given those rights

15 Jacobins Take Control Jean-Paul Marat- advocate of violence
Leader of Paris sans culottes Edited a newspaper called Friend of the People One of the National convention’s most radical leaders Called for the death of all who support the king

16 Radical Leaders Georges-Jacques Danton violent agitator
Popular with the people Devoted the rights of Paris’s poor people

17 Execution of the King National Assembly had reduced Louis XVI from king to common citizen and prisoner National convention had the king placed on trial Jacobins tried Louis for treason January 21, 1793 Louis placed on the guillotine

18 Execution of the King Louis tried to proclaim innocence
Young guard held up the dripping head for all to see Europeans reacted in horror London Times condemned the revolution and execution as savagery

19 War Continues Austria and Prussia
French army won a victory at Battle of Valmy Great Britain, Holland, and Spain joined against France France suffered defeats 300,000 French citizens between 18 and 40 were drafted 800,000 in army including women

20 Transforming Society Leaders of new government wanted to erase the past Including religion Many clergy lost their positions Paris local governments closed churches

21 Terror Grips France Robespierre wanted to build a “republic of virtue”
Wipe out everything from France’s past Thought religion was old fashioned and dangerous Closed all the churches ”

22 Terror Grips France Metric system replaced old weights and measures
Months were renamed Each month had 3 ten day weeks Revolutionary calendar fell out of use Metric system still used

23 Reign of Terror Great Britain, Holland, Spain, Austria, Prussia formed a coalition for war Took drastic measures to prevent a counterrevolution Committee of Public Safety was to protect the revolution from its enemies

24 Accusations by Trial Anyone who criticized revolution or connected to the Old Order were in danger The accused had few rights Some were forbidden to defend themselves

25 The Terror Grips France
Enemies were tried in the morning and guillotined in the afternoon. Justified use of terror to enable citizens to remain true to the ideals of revolution Saw a connection between virtue and terror

26 Terror Grips France Many who had led the revolution received death sentences Only crime was that they were less radical than Robespierre George Danton’s friends were afraid to defend him Said “Don’t forget to show his head. It’s well worth seeing”

27 Death by Guillotine Most common sentence of death Death was quick
Condemned rode in open cart and were paraded through the streets Sometimes people would cheer or jeer them

28 The Terror’s Victims Did not spare particular class, occupation, or gender Peasants and laborers the largest group executed (85%) Marie Antoinette one of the earliest victims

29 The Terror’s Victims Olympe de Gouges who wrote Declaration of Woman and the Female Citizen was executed Nuns who refused to close their convents Robespierre himself was executed His head and 100 supporters were killed

30 Terror’s Victims 10 months 300,000 people were arrested
17,000 were executed Widespread violence shocked the French Increased foreign opposition to the Revolution Actions to protect revolution actually weakened it

31 End of the Terror 1795 National Convention wrote another constitution
Restricted voting rights to men who own property Governing board called the Directory was formed Made up of five men

32 End of the Terror Passed some financial reforms
Not a effective government Directors were weak and corrupt Rule shared many characteristics of the Old Order Result was a power vacuum


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