1. KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

2. RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
The ________ ________ states that information flows in one direction from ______ to _____ to ___________.

3. The central dogma includes three processes. ______________
replication
transcription
translation
RNA is a link between DNA and proteins.

4. RNA differs from DNA in three major ways.
RNA has a _________ sugar.
RNA has __________ instead of ___________.
RNA is a __________-stranded structure.

5. Transcription makes three types of RNA.
Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA.
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

6. Transcription is catalyzed by RNA ___________.
RNA polymerase and other proteins form a transcription complex.
The transcription complex recognizes the start of a gene and unwinds a segment of it.
start site
nucleotides
transcription complex

7. RNA polymerase moves along the DNA
Nucleotides pair with ______ strand of the DNA.
RNA ____________ bonds the ____________ together.
The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed.
DNA
RNA polymerase moves along the DNA

8. The ______ strand detaches from the DNA once the gene is transcribed.
RNA

9. Transcription makes three types of RNA.
___________ RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein.
___________ RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made.
___________ RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome.

10. The transcription process is similar to replication.
Transcription and replication both involve complex enzymes and complementary base pairing.
The two processes have different end results.
Replication copies all the _______; transcription copies a _______.
Replication makes _____ copy; transcription can make many copies.
growing RNA strands
DNA
one
gene