1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Medieval Church Authority
The Catholic Church was the only church in Medieval Europe
The Bible was only to be read by Priests or Bishops
Church Services were only in Latin.

3. What did people believe at the start of the 16th century?
If you went on a Crusade or a Pilgrimage you could earn time out of Purgatory
You could buy a special letter from the Pope called an Indulgence which was like a get out of jail for free card but for Purgatory

4. What did people believe at the start of the 16th century?
If you died with a dirty Soul you would go to either Purgatory or straight to hell.
You had to go to Church and get the Priest to clean your Soul.
If you died with a clean Soul you would go to heaven.

5. What was the Protestant Reformation?
Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

6. What was the Protestant Reformation?
In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

7. Causes of the Reformation
100 Years War and Black Death
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
The Corruption within the Catholic Church
Indulgences-The selling of Documents for the Forgiveness of Sins

8. What was the Protestant Reformation?
CHRISTIANITY
PROTESTANT
CATHOLIC

9. The Reformers
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII

10. Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk.

11. Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a monk and all monks lives were revolved around community work, prayer, rest, and work in the monastery.
A doctor of theology at the University of Wittenburg, Germany
Luther argues that faith alone saves the human sinner
In 1517, he nails his Ninety-Five Theses, which confront the church and call for reform, on the door of the Wittenburg cathedral.
Luther rejects all but two of the sacraments, baptism and holy communion.

12. Martin Luther
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

13. What did Martin Luther believe?
*You Don’t have to go to Church to get your soul cleaned.
*The Church is wrong to sell indulgencies which buy time out of Purgatory.
*Read the Bible in your own language and not Latin.
*Its wrong to make an image of God.
The Church is too rich.

14. “The righteous shall by his faith.”
Romans 1:17
“The righteous shall by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

15. Luther’s 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

16. Luther’s 95 Theses
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church

17. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

18. Luther on Trial The Diet of Worms
1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs
Luther burned the order and was excommunicated
Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

19. Pope Leo X
He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

20. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

21. Acceptance of Reforms
Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism was formed
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

22. “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
John Calvin
“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

23. John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

24. Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

25. Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

26. Protestant Reformation
Peasants, angered at the abuses of the aristocracy and emboldened by the spirit of protest decide to revolt.
Aristocracy sides with either Catholic Church or Luther and civil wars break out in Northern Europe.
New religious movements and Protestant sects arise, like Calvinism and Anabaptism.
Calvinists, followers of John Calvin, believe that only those who are among the elect will be saved. This doctrine that God knows who is damned and who is saved is known as predestination
Calvinists put great emphasis on work ethic and condemn dancing, drinking, and public entertainment.

27. Calvinism Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church

28. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan
Presbyterian
Puritan
Hugeunots

29. Henry VIII and England Henry VIII Dissent over divorce Wives of Henry
1st -Catherine of Aragon
2nd-Anne Boleyn
3rd-Jane Seymour
4th-Anne of Cleves
5th-Catherine Howard
6th-Catherine Parr
The Anglican Church forms when Henry VIII of England divorces his first wife, is
excommunicated by the Pope, and decides to break off from the Catholic church and form a new Church of England

30. Wife #1
Catherine of Aragon
Henry given permission from Pope to marry his brother’s widow
Catherine failed to produce a male heir, only had one surviving child – Mary I

31. Catherine of Aragon
Henry wanted a divorce, but Pope Clement VII wouldn’t invalidate the marriage
Henry tried to get Church to do what he wanted, and appointed Sir Thomas More as English Cardinal

32. Catherine of Aragon Henry proceeded to dissolve his ties to the Pope
ENGLISH REFORMATION – Henry VIII took control of the English clergy and had himself appointed the head of the Church of England
He divorced Catherine and married his lover Anne Boleyn

33. Henry VIII Establishes the Church of England
The Act of Annantes
1532
Stopped all payment to the Catholic Church
The Act of Appeals
1533
Ended Rome’s Religious hold on England
The Act of Supremacy
1534
Made Henry VIII the head of the Church of England
Executions
Any subject who wouldn’t denounce the Catholic Church

34. Wife # 2
ANNE BOLEYN
Only had 1 surviving child – a daughter, Elizabeth I
Henry upset at not having a son, accused Anne of incest and adultery
Anne was brought to the Tower of London and executed

35. Interesting Facts to Know…
Legend had it she had a sixth finger and a large mole or goiter on her neck
Anne’s sister Mary had been one of Henry’s earlier mistresses
Just prior to her execution, Anne’s marriage to Henry was dissolved and considered invalid

36. Wife # 3
JANE SEYMOUR
First came to the court in the service of Queen Catherine, later she waited on Anne Boleyn as she rose to Queen
Henry felt she was his first “true wife”
She died 2 weeks after giving birth to Henry’s only legitimate son – Edward
Only one of the 6 wives buried with him.

37. Wife # 4 ANNE OF CLEVES Henry was single for 2 years after Jane died
Henry wanted a marriage for political reasons, to form an Alliance between English Protestants and German Protestants
Hired a painter to find him a potential ally and paint the women who could make it possible – He chose Anne of Cleves
She was so unattractive however, Henry divorced her

38. Wife # 5 CATHRYN HOWARD (cousin of Anne Boleyn)
Married her only 16 days after his divorce to Anne – he was 49, she was 19
They were ill-matched, he was gaining a lot of weight, and had an ulcerated leg – she was his “rose without a thorn”
Executed because he believed she had relations with another man before their marriage, which continued after their marriage

39. Wife # 6 CATHERINE PARR Widowed twice before marrying Henry
Became a stabilizing mother figure in home – to Mary, Elizabeth and Edward
She outlived Henry – who died January 28, 1547
She married Jane Seymour’s bother Thomas after Henry’s death

40. Europe after the Reformation

41. Europe after the Reformation