1. Properties of Whole Numbers
Chapter 1, pages 3-4

2. 1) The Commutative property of addition and multiplication
The order in which you ADD or MULTIPLY numbers does not matter.
E.g 1: = 6
E.g 2: 2 x 4 = 8
NB! This does not apply to SUBTRACTION or DIVISION
E.g 3: 4 – 2 = 2
E.g 4: 4 ÷ 2 = 2
and = 6
and 4 x 2 = 8
and 2 – 4 = -2
and 2 ÷ 4 = ½

3. 2) The Associative (grouping) property of addition and multiplication
The way in which you group numbers when just ADDING or just MULTIPLYING does not matter.
E.g 1: 5 + (6 + 2) = 13
E.g 2: 5 x (6 x 2) = 60
NB! This also does not apply to SUBTRACTION or DIVISION
and (5 +6) + 2 = 13
and (5 x 6) x 2 = 60

4. 3) The Distributive property of multiplication over addition and subtraction
E.g 1: 5 x (7 + 3) = 50
E.g 2: 5 x (7 – 3) = 20
NB! You don’t need to use a MULTIPLICATION sign in front of a bracket.
E.g 3: 5(2 + 4) = 30
E.g 4: 4(5 – 3) = 8
and (5 x 7) + (5 x 3) = 50
and (5 x 7) - (5 x 3) = 20

5. 4) The special properties of ONE
Multiplying any number by ONE does not change the number.
E.g 1: 22 x 1 = 22
E.g 3: 0,1 x 1 = 0,1

6. 5) The special properties of ZERO
Adding zero to any number does not change the number
E.g 1: = 81
Multiplying any number by zero always gives a zero
E.g 2: 67 x 0 = 0
Division by zero always gives an undefined answer
E.g 3: = Undefined
d) When we divide and the zero is on top, the answer is always zero
E.g 4: =0

7. FOR YOU TO DO: Exercise 1.3 pg. 5 #1a - r

8. Exercise 1.3 Page 5: Answers
= 50
0 x 0 = 0
0 ÷ 0 = undefined
17 x 1 = 17
= 18
17 ÷ 1 = 17
0 ÷ 17 = 0
1 x 17 = 17
0 ÷ 10 = 0
10 ÷ 0 = undefined
17 x 2 x 0 = 0
18 ÷ 2 ÷ 0 = undefined
10 5 −5 = undefined
0 ÷ 2 ÷ 18 = 0