1. How did Agriculture Change with Industrialization
Chapt. 11, Key Question #2

2. Setting down in one place, a rising population, and the switch to agriculture are interrelated in occurrences in human history. Hypothesize which of these three happened first, second, and third and explain why.

3. Agricultural Origins No permanent settlements
Agricultural Revolution #1 (8 – 14 thousand yrs ago):
Before, people moved with the herds and hunted and gathered
No permanent settlements
Invention of agriculture and plant domestication
Now, people stay in one spot
Fields and livestock produce food source
Use of tools to create crops
Subsistence Farming- growing only enough food for your own family to survive, not for trade

4. Agricultural Revolution #1

5. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Hearths of 1st Ag. Revolution

7. Agricultural Origins Agricultural Revolution #2 (1600s – early 1900s):
Invention and bettering of tools, equipment, and machines increased farming production
Crop rotation, fertilizers, tractors, mechanical reaper, barbed wire, etc.
During the Industrial Revolution
Began in Europe, spread to other parts of the world.
Surplus farming- creating enough food to feed large populations in cities

8. Crop Rotation A B C D

9. Second Ag. Revolution (1600s-1700s): Western Europe
New Crops from Americas
Enclosure Act
Soil Prep, fertilization, crop care, harvesting improved
Industrial Revolution ( s):
Change in type of work – Farm to Factory
Movement to cities
Caused by increase in pop. and new inventions
Second Ag. Revolution (1800s-early 1900s):
Railroads
Mechanization of Ag.
Tractors, Combines, large farm equipment

11. Pop.
Time
Population Momentum: Over time growth occurs exponentially:
2 – 4 – 8 – 16...
As opposed to arithmetic growth:
1 – 2 – 3 – 4...
(we will find out later this is the way food production grows – Can this type of growth feed the world’s population?)
Food
Time

12. Population is the red line. Food is the blue line

13. Population is the red line. Food is the blue line

14. Agricultural Origins Agricultural Revolution #3 (1960s – today):
Also known as the Green Revolution
Period of time when new agricultural practices were created to help farmers all over the world
International effort planned to eliminate hunger by improving crop performances
Uses modern science techniques and genetic engineering to produce high yielding crops

15. Agricultural Revolution #3

17. Johann Heinrich von Thünen
Early 1800s economist that created a model that predicted agricultural land use in relation to a central business district, or city (CBD).
Transportation cost, Land Value, and Distance to Market are the three most important factors.

18. Three basic ideas
Items that cost more to transport will be located closer to the CBD.
Land closer to the CBD is more expensive per acre.
Items that are more perishable need to be able to get to the CBD quicker.

19. Von Thunen’s Model of Ag. Location
CBD
Market Gardening and Dairy Farming
Forestry
Mixed Crop and Livestock (Intensive)
Grain Farming (Extensive)
Livestock Ranching (Extensive)

20. Von Thunen’s Model of Ag. Location
CBD

21. Von Thunen Model – page 29 of packet

22. Simplifying Assumptions
All farmers in a certain area send their products to one market.
The land, climate, and soil of the surrounding area is the same.
What factors does the Von Thunen Model consider?
Transportation Costs, Land Value, Distance to Market
Does not consider Human Preference!

23. Has the Green Revolution been Successful?
Yes/Pros
No/Cons