1. The Study of Organisms That Are Microscopic in Size
MICROBIOLOGY:
The Study of Organisms That Are Microscopic in Size 1

2. WHAT ORGANISMS WILL WE STUDY IN THIS UNIT?
A. VIRUSES - Virology B. BACTERIA - Bacteriology C. PROTOZOA - Protozoology 2

3. WHY SHOULD WE STUDY MICROBIOLOGY?
A. Microbes cause disease B. Microbes are essential in decay (good/bad) C. Microbes are important organisms at the bottom of the food chain D. Many medicines are made from microbes 3

4. WHO IS THE ‘FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY’?
LOUIS PASTEUR 4

5. WHY WAS HE GIVEN THIS NAME?
1. Developed Pasteurization 2. Developed vaccine for Rabies 3. Proposed ‘Germ Theory’ (which states that micro- organisms cause disease) 5

6. OTHER FAMOUS MICROBIOLOGISTS:
JENNER - Smallpox vaccine
SALK/SABIN - Polio vaccine
LISTER - 1st Antiseptic (Listerine)
FLEMING - 1st Antibiotic (Penicillin)
REED - Malaria treatment; vaccine for Yellow Fever 6

7. WHAT, HOW AND WHY DO WE GET SICK ???7

8. WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF SICKNESS AND DISEASE?
Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi 8

9. HOW DO WE GET THESE DISEASES?
Contact - contagious
Vectors - Insects, snails, bats, etc.
TERMS:
Contagious - spread by contact
Non-contagious - not spread by contact; spread by vectors 9

10. WHY DO WE GET SICK? (What does the microbe do to us?)
Produces poisons (i.e. Botulism)
Destroys tissue
(i.e. Tuberculosis in lungs)
Prevents normal cell functions
(i.e. Strep Throat) 10

11. WHAT BODY DEFENSES DO WE HAVE AGAINST DISEASE AND INFECTION?11

12. EXAMPLES OF BODY DEFENSES:
Skin
Sweat
Tears
White Blood Cells
Stomach Acid
Fever
Cilia 12

13. THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION CONTAINS 2 PARTS:
1. ANTIGEN - The invader (microbe) 2. ANTIBODY - Protein produced in blood to fight specific invaders 13

14. The vaccine contains dead or weakened antigens (invaders)
HOW DOES A VACCINE WORK?
The vaccine contains dead or weakened antigens (invaders)
The presence of these antigens causes the body to produce antibodies to fight that invader 14

15. THINK ABOUT IT!
In order to protect you from suffering from a disease, doctors will sometimes infect you with that disease! 15

16. Your body’s resistance to disease and infection
WHAT IS IMMUNITY?
Your body’s resistance to disease and infection 16

17. VIRUSES ‘Virus’ is Latin for Poison.
Viruses are measured in nanometers (one billionth of a meter -- TINY!!)
Viruses can only be seen with an electron microscope. 17

18. TWO BASIC PARTS TO A VIRUS:
Protein coat
DNA or RNA 18

19. Round virus particles along with rod-shaped bacteria1.
Bacteriophage injecting DNA into E. coli bacteria
THE SHAPE OF A VIRUS: 3. 2. 19

20. HIV
Transmission electron micrograph of HIV on infected human lymphocyte. Daughter HIV cells leave infected cell for a new host.

21. EFFECTS ON LIVING THINGS:
Viruses can cause damage to all living things - not just humans! 20

22. EXAMPLES: Plants - Tobacco Mosaic, Tomato Mosaic, Dutch Elm21

23. EXAMPLES:
Dogs -
Distemper,
Rabies,
Parvo
Add Parvo 22

24. Examples
Humans
AIDS
Strep
Hepatitis

25. VIRUSES REPRODUCE IN AN UNUSUAL WAY:
A. Virus attaches to a host cell 23

26. VIRUSES REPRODUCE IN AN UNUSUAL WAY:
B. DNA/RNA injected into host cell. 24

27. VIRUSES REPRODUCE IN AN UNUSUAL WAY:
C. Host cell DNA/RNA is replaced with the viral DNA/RNA. D. The host cell nucleus causes the cell to make more viruses. 25

28. VIRUSES REPRODUCE IN AN UNUSUAL WAY: E
VIRUSES REPRODUCE IN AN UNUSUAL WAY: E. Host cell eventually bursts, spilling thousands of new viruses into the body. 26

29. Let’s see the movie version!
LINK IS NOT GOOD, FIND A NEW ONE…

30. SO ARE VIRUSES LIVING OR NON-LIVING?
Viruses are non-living because they need a living host cell to carry out life’s functions
Most treatments that “kill” a virus also destroy the host cells
Prevent viral invasions by:
Receiving vaccines
Maintaining good hygiene
Avoiding risky behaviors