1. VLVnT08 Summary Talk
E. Migneco

2. VLVnT08
Exciting reports from leading fields of astroparticle physics: TeV gamma rays, HE cosmic rays. A blooming field that is yielding a deeper view of the non-thermal Universe
Status reports from neutrino telescope projects: many new important achievements
The presentations from “other” deep-sea science project confirm the strong link link with the neutrino telescope projects. Need for a fully synergic operation.

3. IceCube construction half the way to full detector
IceCube construction half the way to full detector. Now already at the km3 scale size
ANTARES now largest detector in the northern emisphere and first deep sea detector

4. IceTop InIce AMANDA 18 strings 13 Strings 19 Strings 2007-2008::
13 Strings
: 8 Strings
: 1 String
IceTop
Air shower detetor
threshold ~ 300 TeV
Total: 40 strings
IC22 + AMANDA Physics Run: Ended March 2008
IC40 + AMANDA Physics Run: Started April 2008
InIce
70-80 Strings ,
60 Optical Modules
17 m between Modules
125 m between Strings
AMANDA
19 Strings
677 Modules
See B. Fox talk

5. Muon channel diffuse flux
The IceCube Collaboration, arXiv:0705:1315.

6. ANTARES construction status
L11 L9
L10
L12 L7 L8 L6 L4 L2 L3 L5 L1
IL07
seismometer
100 m N
Junction box
Submarine
cable
to shore
Installed
Deployment a.s.a.p.
Connection May 2008
M. Circella – Status of ANTARES
VLVnT08 6
VLVnT08
M. Spurio- ANTARES 6

7. Atmospheric neutrinos
~5106 triggers (from February to May 2007) lines
Reconstruction “Quality cut” applied for upgoing tracks
Neutrino candidates selected from upward events
Rate of downward tracks:
~ 0.1 Hz
Rate of neutrino candidates:
~ 1.4 events/day
down going
up going
Preliminary
Neutrino candidates
Reconstructed events from data
MC Muons
(dashed: true; solid: reconstr.)
MC neutrinos
M. Circella – Status of ANTARES
VLVnT08 7
VLVnT08
M. Spurio- ANTARES 7

8. KM3NeT
KM3NeT CDR released!

9. Point source sensitivity
Based on muon detection
Why factor ~3 more sensitive than IceCube?
larger photo-cathode area
better direction resolution
Study still needs refinements

10. Timeline towards construction
Note: “Construction” includes the final prototyping stage

11. The KM3NeT Preparatory Phase
“Preparatory Phase”: A new EU/FP7 funding instrument restricted to ESFRI projects.
KM3NeT proposal endorsed, funded with 5 M€
3-year project, 3/2008 – 2/2011; kick-off meeting in Catania, March 2008
Major objectives:
Initiate political process towards convergence (includes funding and site selection/decision)
Set up legal structure and governance
Strategic issues: New partners, distributed sites, extendibility
Prepare operation organisation & user communities
Organise pre-procurement with commercial partners
Next-step prototyping

12. CDR fundamental milestone for KM3NeT
Based on many important recent results by the pilot projects operating in the field
ANTARES
NEMO
NESTOR

13. NEMO Phase-1: a 4 floors tower @ 2000m depth
In the INFN NEMO Test Site, 20 km East of Catania
Dec. 2006: Deployment of JB and mini-tower
Deployed January 2005
Junction Box (JB)
NEMO mini-tower
(4 floors, 16 OM)
300 m
TSS Frame
Mini-tower, unfurled
Mini-tower, compacted
NEMO Junction Box
new low cost technology
15 m

14. NEMO Phase-2 Electro-optical cable laid in july 2007
Underwater infrastructure at the 3500 m deep-sea site of Capo Passero
Electro-optical cable laid in july 2007
Costruction of a fully equipped 16 storey tower started
The tower design has been revised taking into account the experience gained in Phase-1
Deployment foreseen end 2008
Main modifications/upgrades of the new tower
New DC power system to comply with the feeding system provided by Alcatel
Optimization of the electronics and data transmission
New segmented electro-optical cable backbone
Integration of a new acoustic station in the tower

15. NESTOR Delta-Berenike: triangular platform, central well with crane,
Deployment operations require ships or dedicated platforms.
Platform: Delta-Berenike, under construction in Greece, ready summer 08
Delta-Berenike: triangular
platform, central well with crane,
water jet propulsion

16. Also Baikal is making progress towards larger volume detector

17. Prototype string km3-scale BAIKAL telescope
NT200+
current status
Prototype
string
Installation of a “new technology”
prototype string as a part of NT200+ (8 April 2008)
Investigations and in-situ tests of basic elements of km3 detector: optical modules, DAQ system, new cable communications.
Studies of basic DAQ/Triggering approach for the km3-detector.
Confrontation of classical TDC/ADC approach with FADC readout. 17

18. Technological developments
Many technological developments under way
24 presentations in the Engineering session
11 presentations in the Photosensor session
Too many to mention all; just a few examples that may have significant impact on the construction of a km3 scale detector
Some options will require a choice between alternative solutions
Developments in the field of photonics open the way towards an “all optical” solution
New electronics for telecommunications may allow an “all copper” detection unit
Some industrial developments may provide a significant improvement in the performance
Photon sensors: increased QE PMT, directional PMTs, hybrid PMTs

20. A proposal design for data transmission system on copper backbone
Full Daisy Chain Scheme
The link is bidirectional with asymmetric data rates:
Up-going link up to 200 Mb/s for timing and slow control
Down-going Gb/s for physics data and control
The slow channel and the clock is propagated upwards in a daisy chain fashion.
The Clock is regenerated locally.
Cons
Higher Power
Failure stops higher floors
Pros
Higher up-going speed
Nodes are identical
S. Russo, F. Ameli
VLVnT08 :: Toulon :: 23 Apr 2008

21. Vertical String Architecture
10 Mbps
Optical
Module
One Single Twisted Pair per Optical Module:
Bi-directional Data Transport
DC - Power
Optical
Module
100 Mbps
Estimated Bandwidth:
~ 500 Mtr
20 Mbps per Optical Module
Optical
Module
Packet overhead and safety factor Mbps per Optical Module
24 Optical Modules per Vertical String 2.4 Gbps <=
Master
Module
Gbps
Fiber
one l / Vertical String
in a DWDM system

22. Bialkali QE Comparison
UBA:43%
Example Data for
UBA : R
SBA : R
STD : R7600
x1.6
x1.3
SBA:35%
STD:26%

23. Conclusions
Many significant advancements in the field of high energy astroparticle physics
Science case for neutrino telescope strengthened
Close to have an operating km3 scale neutrino telescope (IceCube)
Big steps forward towards the km3 underwater detector both in the technology and in the collaboration issues

24. Au revoir at the fourth VLVnT meeting in Greece, end 2009
Thanks
A perfectly organized conference Many thanks to Greg, the organizing committee and the support staff !!
Au revoir at the fourth VLVnT meeting in Greece, end 2009

26. Ratio for 169 towers detector
Neutrino effective areas
Quality cuts applied
 max 45% /max 23%
 max 35% /max 23%
169 towers QE max 23%
 169 towers QE max 45%
169 towers QE max 35%
▬ ref det with QE 33%

27. Muon Channel Diffuse Flux
The IceCube Collaboration, arXiv:0705:1315.
Elisa Resconi