1. Solutions
Chapter 23

2. Terms to Know Solute – the substance being dissolved
Solvent – the substance used to dissolve
Solution = solute + solvent
NaCl is the solute
O2 in water is attracted to the Na
p.724
H2 in water is attracted to Cl2
Water is the solvent

3. Insert movie

4. Types of Solutions Liquid-Liquid (ex: ammonia + water)
Solid-Liquid (ex: Kool-Aid & sugar + water)
Solid-Solid (ex: penny = copper + zinc)
Gas-Gas (ex:diver’s tank = oxygen + nitrogen)
Gas-Liquid
(ex: soda = CO2 + water
+ syrup)

5. Rate (Speed) of Dissolving
Solids and Liquids
Energy (stir – sweet tea)
Size (surface area – BC powder)
Temperature (heat – cooking)
Gases
Pressure (ex: soda bottle, air freshner)

6. Nonpolar Solutions Oil & water Oil & vinegar (Italian salad dressing)
Alcohol & iodine
Dry cleaning fluid
Soap (dishwashing, hand, detergent)

7. Polar Solutions
Anything with that mixes with water (lemonade, Sprite, etc)
Anything with vitamins inside (orange juice, vegetables, etc)

8. Solubility & Concentration
Def: the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.
Concentration:
How much solute is in the solvent. Example: 2 cups of sugar in 2 quarts of Kool-Aid

9. Types of Solutions
Unsaturated – can dissolve more solute in the amount of solvent (not enough)
Saturated – has all of the solute for the amount of solvent (just right)
Supersaturated – contains more solute than the amount of solvent can handle (too much)

10. Solubility Curve
Used to figure out how much solute will dissolve at a given temperature on the graph
p.720

11. Antifreeze pp.725-726 Why is antifreeze needed for cars?
What does antifreeze do in the winter time, when it is cold?
What does antifreeze do in the summer time, when it is hot?
What happens to the radiator if antifreeze is not there?