1. WOODROW WIILSON
President #28

2. BACKGROUND/QUALIFICATIONS:
An intellectual - former professor & President of Princeton University - “The Professor” (1902)
Governor of NJ for 3 years (1910)
Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins in Political Science
1st southern President since before the Civil War
Dyslexic - couldn’t read ‘til age 8/9
Flag Day established in 1916
Kept flock of sheep on White House
lawn (wool raised $ for Red Cross;
gardeners off to war)
Father a Presbyterian minister
Idealistic / no shades of gray

4. Advantages & Disadvantages in Office
Had the support of most Democrats, including Bryan
But, Democrats had been out of power for long time - lack of experience
Did have a better relationship with Congress than Roosevelt or Taft
BUT, minority President, only 42% of popular vote
No experience in national or foreign policy.
Sec. Of State – Bryan, no experience in foreign affairs.
Wilson Victory March

5. WILSON’S ACHIEVEMENTS
Plans to attack the “Triple Wall of Privilege:”
Tariffs / Banking / Trusts
The Underwood Tariff
This Act lowered tariff rates for the first time since 1857!
To compensate for loss of revenue, it provided for a graduated income tax (1% on incomes over $3,000)
Replaced tariffs as #1 source of revenue by 1917

6. The Federal Reserve Act, 1913
Most important piece of economic legislation between Civil War & New Deal
The bank for bankers!
12 District Banks for Bankers – owned by their members
But, public has control through Fed. Reserve Board in Washington which oversees the 12 regional districts
Board has authority to issue paper money & can increase money in circulation

7. Trust Regulations
Established a Federal Trade Commission, to investigate and regulate business practices
Replaced TR’s Bureau of Corporations
Clayton Antitrust Act
Stronger than Sherman Act
Forbade practices that destroyed competition such as price discrimination

8. Other Later Accomplishments
Adamson Act: established an 8-hour day for railroad workers
Women’s Suffrage: received the right to vote with the 19th Amendment – note though, WW was strongly opposed for many years
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act: prohibited children under 14 from working in factories producing goods for interstate commerce
Hyperlink on women’s suffrage pic to Lady Gaga video

10. Greatest
Failure
Wilson was a segregationist who brought Jim Crow laws back to Washington, D.C.
His administration segregated all restrooms, drinking fountains, lunch counters in all government buildings according to race.
Employees also segregated in government offices (those who objected were fired)

11. FOREIGN POLICY Problems with Mexico Declares war on Dollar Diplomacy
“Moral Diplomacy” instead
Anti-imperialist
BUT, did make Haiti a protectorate & Philippines a true territory
AND, purchased Virgin Islands in 1917
Problems with Mexico
“Meddling” in revolution
Murders by bandit, Pancho Villa
Gen. John J. Pershing sent in - unsuccessful

12. QUIZ TIME!!
For the following slides, match the phrase or sentence with the progressive president it best fits.