1. After the defeat of Napoleon, European
ministers and rulers met at the
Congress of Vienna to redraw the boundaries of Europe.

2. The great powers
Of Europe-Great
Britain, Prussia,
Russia, and Austria
dominated the
Congress
( ).
They restored many
former rulers and
borders.

3. These changes helped to bring Europe back in some measure to the way it had been before the French Revolution.
The European “Old Order” was restored.

4. Prince Metternich of Austria was a leader of the Congress of Vienna.

5. Prince Metternich sought to establish a balance of power.
This term referred to a system in which the chief powers of Europe were equal in military strength, so that no single power could dominate.

6. To further prevent
future French
domination
or the spread
of democratic
revolutions in Europe,
the four major powers
also formed a new
alliance.

7. The French Revolution ignited the spirit of nationalism in Europe by spreading the view that government should be based on the will of the people.

8. or crushing nationalist feelings.
At the same time, the statesmen at the Congress of Vienna were intent on ignoring
or crushing nationalist feelings.

9. The thirty years following the Congress of
Vienna witnessed a series of unsuccessful
revolutions in Italy, Germany, and Poland.

10. However, both Greece and Belgium achieved independence by 1830.

11. French citizens
established a
constitutional
monarchy that
same year.

12. In 1848, revolutionary fever gripped Europe.
The French overthrew their constitutional
monarchy and France became a republic.
However, other revolutions were put down.

13. The old order could not be
restored forever.