1. Compounds and Bonding
Ms. Pici

2. MEMORY BOX WRITE DOWN EVERYTHING YOU CAN REMEMBER ABOUT PARTICLES IN AN ATOM, THE PERIODIC TABLE, BOHR AND LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS,ETC

3. MEMORY BOX

4. VOCABULARY DEFINITION EXAMPLE/PICTURE
COMPOUND
2 or more elements chemically combined in a ratio.
H2O
CHEMICAL
FORMULA
“Recipe” for a compound. (type of element and how much of each exists)
2 parts H + 1 part O = H2O
SUBSCRIPT
Number written below to show ratio
Subscript
VALENCE SHELL
Outermost shell (energy level)
VALENCE (LAST SHELL)

5. Cl2 CO2 NaCl Al2(NO3)3 PRACTICE:
Tell how many atoms of each element there are in these compounds below:
Cl2
CO2
NaCl
Al2(NO3)3

6. PRACTICE:
Tell how many atoms of each element there are in these compounds below:
Cl atoms of Cl
CO carbon, 2 oxygen
NaCl sodium, 1 chlorine
Al2(NO3) aluminum, 3 nitrogen, 9 oxygen

7. Note: when the subscript appears outside the parentheses, you multiply the number of atoms of each element inside the parentheses by the number outside the parentheses.
Quizzical questions:
What does the absence of a subscript after a symbol means?
What do all the elements want that the noble gases already have?

8. Quizzical questions:
What does the absence of a subscript after a symbol means?
Only one of that kind of element in the formula (ONE ATOM)
What do all the elements want that the noble gases already have?
A full valence shell “8”

10. Knowing this, answer the following questions about METALS.
When an element loses an electron, it has a positive charge.
Look up Mg on the periodic table and what does it say in the upper right hand corner? +2
Why do you think it says that? Mg lost 2e-, metals lose e- and e- are negative.

12. Knowing this, answer the following questions about NONMETALS.
When an element gains an electron, it has a negative charge.
Look up S on the periodic table and what does it say in the upper right hand corner? -2
Why do you think it says that? Sulfur gained 2e-

13. **** What is the benefit of a METAL bonding with a NONMETAL?
Both metal and nonmetal get a full valence shell “8” (give/get).

14. Define OXIDATION #: change (+,-) from gain/loss of electrons
Ionic Bonding
Define IONIC BOND: between positive and negative; between a metal and a nonmetal; strong bond; transfer (gives/gets)
Define OXIDATION #: change (+,-) from gain/loss of electrons

16. Ionic Bonding Review
An ionic bond only happens between a metal and a nonmetal.
An ionic bond involves charged particles called ions.
An ionic bond is a strong bond because opposites attract.
An ionic bond requires that the metal lose electrons and the nonmetal gain electrons.

17. Define COLVALENT BOND: 2 nonmetals; Sharing of valence e- ; weaker
Covalent Bonding
Define COLVALENT BOND: 2 nonmetals; Sharing of valence e- ; weaker

18. Elements Combined
Types of Element
Electron Dot Diagram
Formula H
and O
Nonmetal
H₂O S
H₂S C Cl
CCl₄
CO₂

19. Covalent Bonding Review
A covalent bond only happens between a nonmetal and a nonmetal.
A covalent bond involves sharing of electrons.
A covalent bond is a weaker bond because electrons are shared, not transferred.
The smallest part of a covalent compound is called a molecule.

20. Compare/Contrast Ionic and Covalent Bond
IONIC BOND
CONCEPT
COVALENT BOND
Metal & Nonmetal
Formed between
Nonmetal & Nonmetal
Give/ Get
Gaining & Losing
How bond is formed
Sharing
Stronger
Strength of bond
Weaker

21. THINK ABOUT THE TWO TYPES OF BONDS AND IDENTIFY:
THREE SIMILARITIES
Nonmetals in both Ionic and Covalent bonds.
Valence electron shell is full.
Two or more elements.
Form compounds.
ONE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE
Ionic bonds contain metals.
Ionic bonds require valence (eˉ) to be transferred (not shared).

22. Identify the following compounds as either ionic or covalent and give a reason for your identification.

23. Identify the following compounds as either ionic or covalent and give a reason for your identification.
COMPOUND
IONIC OR COVALENT
REASON
H₂SO₄
Covalent
All nonmetals
CaF₂
Ionic
Ca – metal; F – nonmetal
Al₂O3
Al – metal; O - nonmetal

24. What does the prefix “Bi” mean (hint…think bicycle)? 2
Knowing that, what do you think is meant by a “binary compound”? Two element’s in a compound.
Would salt be a binary compound? Why or why not? NaCl – yes, it’s made of two elements.

25. All binary compounds are named by leaving the name of the first element alone and changing the name of the second element to “ide”. Give it a try.

26. COMPOUND FORMULA
NAME
NaCl
Sodium Chloride
CuO
Copper Oxide
CaBr
Calcium Bromide
PbS
Lead Sulfide KI
Potassium Iodide