1. The Rising Tide of Immigration
The “New” Immigrants
ISL

2. I.

3. I. From Europe 1865-1900 13.5 Million 4 Major Reasons Wars Famine
Persecution (political and religious)
Overpopulation

4. II.

5. II. The Trip Steerage passage $$ life savings Diverse
Mostly young men and women seeking opportunity
Terrible travel conditions

6. III.

7. III. The Arrival Ellis Island –east coast Angel Island- west coast
NY Bay
Opens 1892, burns in ‘97, reopens in 1900
Closes 1954 (now monument)
6 million immigrants by 1910
Inadequate till 1924 immigration quotas
Angel Island- west coast

8. IV.

9. IV. Special Privilege Cabin Class Cost: $20 more
Not subject to “regular experience”
1001 scrutinies
Endless delays
Realization of inequalities

10. V.

11. V. The Regular Experience
Immigration Inspection
Humiliation
2 Minutes-32 questions
Sick sent back
Names changed

12. VI.

13. VI. The Main Hall at Ellis
Long, endless lines
Tagged according to language
Marked with chalk on clothes –ailments

14. VII.

15. VII. Out of Ellis and Into the City
Before % came from Northern and Western Europe
After Eastern, Southern Europe, Asia
New Immigrants

16. VIII.

17. VIII. Old Vs. New “New” met with resentment
Diff. Religions, language, food, customs etc.
Seen as threat
Competed for jobs
Strike breakers

18. IX. Immigration 1860-1920 copy chart

19. X.

20. X.

21. X. Ethnic Communities NI’s moved to cities-jobs. Banded together
1900 4/5 NYC residents were NI’s or children of NI’s
Slowed assimilation
Created fear, prejudice, discrimination
Mullberry Street- Little Italy

22. St. Patrick’s Cathedral

23. Hester Street – Jewish Section

24. Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

25. Urban Growth:

26. XI.

27. XI. Living Conditions Jacob Riis Photo Harsh environment
5 cents a spot lodging
Harsh environment
Dirty
Disease
Life threatening
Slum conditions
Tenement Housing

28. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived (1890)

29. Jacob Riis Photos Mullberry Bend Italian Rag Packer Mens Lodging
Mullen’s Alley Gang
Blind Beggar
Womens Lodging

30. “Dumbell “ Tenement, NYC

31. “Dumbell “ Tenement

33. Tenement Slum Living

34. Lodgers Huddled Together

35. Tenement Slum Living

36. Struggling Immigrant Families

37. XII.

38. XII. Child Labor NI’s and children took leftover jobs
Textile mills, stockyards, coal mines, steel mills
Wages 1910 unskilled
10 cents per hour
$5.50 p/week
Children paid ½
55 hours per week

39. Child Labor

40. Child Labor

41. XIII.

42. XIII. China Town- SF Chinese- west coast 1850’s -3,000 p/ year
Ethnic community-segregated themselves
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.