1. The Industrial Revolution
Life before and the how and why of the changes

2. I. Life in Europe Before Rural subsistence farmers
public lands = “commons”
Small upper class, large lower class, small middle class
life expectancy = 40

3. Ahhhhh…. Bucolic village life!

4. Life Before . . .

5. II. Where the Revolution Began
England circa 1750
Begins with Agricultural Rev.
Enclosure Movement – common lands taken over for large estates
= pop. increase
No work, villagers go to cities
= cheap labor

6. Enclosed!
Enclosed!
Enclosed!

7. III. Why the Revolution Began
Mmm! Fish & Chips!
Population = 5 million, million, 1900
British movement toward laissez-faire.
Joint stock companies
Remember me???

8. III. Why the Revolution Began
Scientific Revolution = TECH stuff (most based on water or steam power)
England = natural resources:
Rivers to run water mills
Coal and iron

9. IV. Production Changes
Mass Production – making lots of identical stuff
Interchangeable Parts – exact copies, not individually crafted
Division of labor - repetitive tasks in factories
Mechanization – machines do what was done by hand (bulky machines, move to factories)

10. In Britain coal mines were close to factories and cities
In Britain coal mines were close to factories and cities. In China coal mines were far from factories and cities. How might history have been different if the closest sources of coal available to Britain were, say, in the Carpathian Mountains of southeastern Europe?

11. Raw Materials exports from agrarian economies to industrial economies
New Global Economic Relationships
Russia
U.S.A.
India
Egypt
Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Raw Materials exports from agrarian
economies to industrial economies

12. Textile exports from industrial to agrarian economies
Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Textile exports from industrial to agrarian economies

13. V. Problems FAST growth of cities=overcrowding
Low wages; child labor; no gov’t oversight (WHY NOT???)
Squalid conditions
No labor unions
Business cycles – wild swings of growth, economic depression, and recovery

14. Growth of Manchester, England, between 1750 - 1850

15. VI. Benefits Europe more dominant globally
Middle class had HUGE standard of living increases
Production of goods goes up, so people have access to great stuff
Travel, communication, production all revolutionized