1. Waste Management System City of Copenhagen Susanne Lindeneg, Department of waste management City of Copenhagen, Denmark

2. Contents Legal framework Facts and figures City of Copenhagen History of waste-handling Waste-management-planning: the systems-approach and setting of targets Waste-management today: Public service Tendering-strategy and contract-follow-up Ressource- and waste-management-plan 2018: Targets and projects Copenhagen July 2013 2

3. Capital of Denmark 88 km 2 550,000 inhabitants 283,000 households 90% living in apartments Annual increase in population of about 10,000 355,000 workplaces 80,000 enterprises Facts about Copenhagen 3

4. Copenhagen July 2013 Principles for Danish Waste Management System Waste hierarchy Ban on landfill of organic waste (1996) Source separation Waste- management plans every 4 (6) years setting high goals National taxes on treatment (new system in 2010) Recycling 0 EUR Incineration 45 EUR Landfilling 50 EUR Waste fees not part of tax systems Municipal waste budget needs to balance Authority divided between municipalities and state Supernational regulation at EU-level 4

5. Copenhagen July 2013 Waste driven to dumpsites Population growth Rapid economic growth Increasing amount of waste Lack of capacity Growing environmental awareness: Groundwater NIMBY Something had to be done In the 1960s: Dumpsites 5

6. Waste management planning 1988 First waste plan in the City of Copenhagen New plan every 4 (6) years The waste management plans contain: Description of waste-collection system Vision for the waste system in the coming 4 – 6 - 12 years New goals for prevention, more recycling, less incineration and less landfilling Identifies means and ressources as to reach the goals Public hearing The plans are adopted by the Copenhagen City Council New WM-plan: Ressource and Waste Management plan 2018 Copenhagen July 2013 6

7. 7 From land-fill to recycling and W2E – result of legislation, high goals in waste management plans and economic incentives - Copenhagen 7

8. Copenhagen July 2013 Total: 820,600 tons Recycling 58%, Incineration 39%, Landfilling 2%, Special treatment 1% Waste Production in 2010 8

9. Copenhagen July 2013 In 1970, two incineration plants were opened in the vicinity of Copenhagen Managed and operated by Intermunicipal entities Amagerforbrænding in the east of Copenhagen Vestforbrænding just north-west of Copenhagen Reduced health hazards and used the waste as a source for heat and electricity Connected to an extensive district heating system Instead of Dumpsites - Incineration 9

10. Copenhagen July 2013 Collection of waste from household Collection schemes Collect- and bring schemes Closeness principle Easy and logical Source separation Selective waste collection Paper (60% of potential) Cardboard (41% of potential) Glass (62% of potential) Gardening waste (unknown potential) Residual waste Paper Cardboard Bulky waste, incl. refrigerators and electronic equipments Gardening waste Hazardous waste Plastic Small electronics Metal Glas Beverage containers Waste for recycling centres 10

11. Economy of waste schemes 2010 Waste fees: 526.000.000 d.kr (75.000.000 EUR) Households: 454.000.000 Commerce: 47.000.000 Sale of recyclables: 25.000.000 Expenses: 568.000.000 d. kr. Single- family house 3.221 d. kr./year (430 EUR) Apartment 1.778 d. kr./year (237 EUR) Copenhagen July 2013 11

12. Collection and treatment of waste from commerce and industry Waste producers find own transporter for collection of waste Transporter or waste producer find treatment facility for recyclables Organisation of collection of household waste by the city From 2009-2011 City of Copenhagen have undergone tendering of household waste Previously collected by a consession company since 1950ies Tendering of collection of waste Tendering in city districts Tendering in special waste fractions Recyclable waste sold by the municipality at market value Copenhagen July 2013 12

13. Tendering strategy Focus on Customer service Environment Working environment Advantages of market competition Keeping the best from the concessionary agreement and combining it with the best of market competition and demanding better conditions where its needed

14. Copenhagen July 2013 Contract follow-up Municipal organization for Procurement and Operations – Resource demanding Aiming towards securing good quality of the services provided to the citizens and customers Combining professional good-spirit cooperation with stringent contract control Penalty system for clear-cut agreement on quality and delivery 13 per bin not collected as agreed 26 per bin not placed correctly after collection Suitable administrational IT-system needed 14

15. On-going survey: What do the Citizens think? 3 times a year: 500 interviews More than 80 % are satisfied with waste collection schemes Just under 50 % points to more sorting, when asked for ideas of improvement People are in general not concerned by environmental hazards due to incineration of waste. Focus is on retaining material- ressources in eg. plastics, metals, paper, organic waste and avoiding pollution from hazardous waste Copenhagen July 2013 15

16. Copenhagen July 2013 Focus on resource efficiency and green growth Change from incineration to recycling Goal in 2018 20 % reduction in waste to incineration From 324,000 tonnes in 2010 to 260,000 tonnes in 2018 45 % of household waste to recycling From 55,000 tonnes in 2010 to 100,000 tonnes in 2018 Plan came into force 1 January 2013 Resource and Waste Management Plan 2018 16

17. Copenhagen July 2013 Initiatives towards zero waste Decrease in amounts 240,300 tonnes of household waste (2007) -> 203,200 (2019) Focus on behavioural changes Information on waste prevention Campaign on unsolicited mail More options for reuse Partnership on reuse event Reuse areas in yards Recycling centres with reuse areas Citys institutions as frontrunners Survey on potential for waste prevention Strategic tendering with less packaging 17

18. Copenhagen July 2013 Biological treatment of food waste 25.000 tons of food waste for biogas production, nutrients spread on farmland Recycling and prevention of plastic 15.000 tons of plastic diverted from incineration Copenhageners to sort more at source Higher efficiency in recycling schemes Attitude and behavioral change Waste prevention Food waste, C&D waste and municipal procurement Resource and Waste Management Plan 2018 – Focus areas 18

19. Copenhagen July 2013 Recycling efficiency – Household waste FractionRecycling efficiency 20102018 Cardboard41%63% Paper60%75% Glas62%86% Hard plastic1%23% Biowaste0%33% Metal20%30% WEEE32%70% 19

20. Copenhagen July 2013 Thank you for your attention! Susanne Lindeneg: a02x@tmf.kk.dk 20