1. Chapter 28 Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement Riddlebarger
Fighting Segregation
Chapter 28
Section 1
The Civil Rights Movement
Riddlebarger

2. What happens to a dream deferred?
Does it dry up
like a raisin in the sun?
Or fester like a sore-
And then run?
Does it stink like rotten meat?
Or crust and sugar over-
like a syrupy sweet?
Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.
Or does it explode?
-Langston Hughes, “Lenox Avenue Mural”

3. I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
Tomorrow,I'll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody'll dare
Say to me,
"Eat in the kitchen,”
Then.
Besides,
They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed—
I, too, am America.
-Langston Hughes, “I too”

4. Once riding in old Baltimore,
Heart-filled, head-filled with glee,
I saw a Baltimorean
Keep looking straight at me.
Now I was eight and very small,
And he was no whit bigger,
And so I smiled, but he poked out
His tongue, and called me “Nigger.”
I saw the whole of Baltimore
From May until December,
Of all the things that happened there
That’s all that I remember
- Countee Cullen, “Incident” (1925)

5. What are civil rights?
The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

6. The Civil Rights Movement Before 1954
Pre-Colonial days
Abolitionist movement
1866: 14th Amendment
1896: Plessy v. Ferguson
“separate but equal”
NAACP

7. 1940’s: Decade of Progress A. Philip Randolph
Founding of CORE- Congress of Racial Equality
nonviolence
Desegregation of military
(1948)
Integration of baseball

8. Seeking Change in the Courts
NAACP focus
Charles Hamilton Houston and Thurgood Marshall

9. Brown vs. Board of Education
1950’s: Thurgood Marshall & NAACP focus on segregation of elementary & high schools
Brown v. Topeka Board of Education- 1954

10. Segregation prior to Brown
wikipedia

11. Brown Ruling
Separation of schoolchildren “generates a feeling of inferiority… that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to be undone.”
“the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place,” in the field of public ed.
Integration with “all deliberate speed.”

12. Chief Justice Earl Warren
“Education is perhaps the most important function of local and state governments…It is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity…is a right that must be made available to all on equal terms…Does segregation of children in schools solely on the basis of race…deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe it does.”
Chief Justice Earl Warren

13. After Brown decision Brown era- 21 segregated states (south)
Various responses
75% of school districts in South remain segregated in 1965
Virginia

14. The Little Rock Crisis 1957: Governor Orval Faubus
Arkansas National Guard

15. Little Rock Nine
Sept. 4, 1957
Little Rock Nine
President Eisenhower

16. Federal Intervention Sept. 24: end the stand-off.
Little Rock Nine experience at school

18. Montgomery Bus Boycott
Impact of Brown
Bus system of Montgomery, Alabama

19. Rosa Parks
1955: Rosa Parks

20. Montgomery Bus Boycott
NAACP calls for bus boycott in Montgomery.

21. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Local Minister, Martin Luther King, Jr. is chosen to lead boycott
Court ruling

22. Birth of SCLC Montgomery experience provides inspiration
Creation of SCLC
Goal