1. Unit 3 Ancient Greece/Rome
Greece Chapter 5
Unit 3
Ancient Greece/Rome

2. Geography Balkan Peninsula – mainland
Surrounded by Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Crete
Sailors, fisherman, traders
Mountains separate mainland
No unity among peoples
Leads to great city-states

3. First Peoples 2000 B.C. Minoans Volcano eruption/tidal waves
King Minos
Palace homes had running water
Frescoes
Paintings made on wet plaster walls
Sculptures
Volcano eruption/tidal waves
destroy lands and weakens Minoan civilization

4. 1600 – 1200 B.C. Mycenaeans 800 – 700 B.C. City-states form Polis
Mainland Greece
Conquer Minoans on Crete
Warring tribes
800 – 700 B.C.
City-states form
Polis
Fort in center
City grew up around fort along with surrounding land
Separated by economic and political competition

5. Homeric Age
1000 B.C. – 700 B.C.
Epics – long poem about heroes and great events
Homer – blind poet, wrote oral stories down
Iliad – Trojan War
Paris of Troy falls in love with Helen and takes her back to city of Troy…
Odyssey – after Trojan War, Odysseus

6. Religion Wanted it to explain three things
1. nature: thunder, lightning,
2. emotions that caused people to lose self-control
3. believed it could bring certain benefits such as long life, good harvests, good luck
Life after death neither punishment or reward
Myth – traditional stories about gods, goddesses, heroes
Oracles – spoke for the Gods
Olympic Games held every 4 years in honor of Zeus

8. Government
Kings to wealthy land owners to nobles that overthrow the King
Aristocracies
Ruled city-states
Privileged social class, wealthiest landowners
Controlled all aspects of society
Military
Economy
Government

9. 600 B.C. 500 B.C. Athens Sparta Hoplites Tyrants
Non aristocratic soldier, infantry
Demanded more say in daily government
500 B.C.
Tyrants
Illegally take power but supported by the people
Athens
Democracy – government in which citizens take part
Sparta
Aristocracy rule or King’s rule

10. SPARTA Located on Peloponnesus isolated, mountainous
city located in valley

11. Society: Equals Half-citizens Helots Descendants from 1st invaders
Controlled city-state
Land divided equally
Half-citizens
Free, paid taxes, served in Army
No political power
Farm, trade industry
Helots
Slaves, hated Spartans
Outnumbered first two classes
Fear of uprising from Helots established military society

12. Government Two kings Council of Elders Assembly 1 led army
1 took care of home when army away
Council of Elders
28 males citizens over age 60
Wealthy aristocrats
Assembly
All male citizens over age 30
Ephors
made sure King stayed within laws
Controlled education

13. Life: MILITARY MACHINE
EXAMINED AT BIRTH
Unhealthy babies left to die
7 YEARS OLD TAKEN from home
Military and education
20-60 SERVED IN MILITARY
Girls received physical training so they would be fit to have babies
All received musical training for discipline and coordination

14. ATHENS Attica peninsula Sea traders Coined money
Built city inland surrounded by fort

15. Athenian society 1. Citizens 2. Metics 3. Slaves
Aristocrats or poor farmers
Athenian-born males
Controlled government
2. Metics
Merchants, artisans
Free, paid taxes, no political voice
3. Slaves
Natural, necessary
Peoples captured in war

16. Government King Aristocracy – citizens who owned land held office
Assembly – all adult male citizens
DRACO - tyrant
first written code of law
Everyone equal under the law
Harsh, severe – Draconian

17. Cleisthenes Founder of Athenian Democracy
Divided Athens into 10 tribes
Council of Five Hundred
50 men from each tribe
Served one year terms
Direct Democracy
All citizens directly participate in decision making
Representative Democracy is used in United States
Elects representatives to govern in our place
507 BC

18. Athens, Age of Pericles, 495-429 BC
Athens reaches peak of its power
Great orator, honest
Extended reforms of Cleisthenes
Constructed Parthenon
All male citizens (except lower class)
Can hold public office
Paid sailors
Chosen by lot, no advantage for rich

19. Education Value on literacy and education Sons sent to school
Stressed sound mind/healthy body
Grammar, music, gymnastics, track & field
Sophists- opened schools for older boys, taught:
Government
Math
Ethics – good/bad, moral duty
Rhetoric – study of debate and public speaking

20. Military 18 years old – males receive 1 year military training
Wealthy could become Hoplite
Poor served on Army’s flanks
Citizens rowed warships of Navy
Phalanx – soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder in a line

21. WARS OF GREECE PERSIAN WARS Battle of Marathon- 490 BC
Series of wars between Persia, Athens and Sparta
Battle of Marathon- 490 BC
Outnumbered, Miltiades and Athenians defeat Persians on Attica Peninsula
Sends messenger 25 miles to inform city
Birth of modern marathon

22. Wars of Greece, cont. Battle of Thermopylae – 480 BC
Greek city-states unite against Persia, Xerxes
Spartans chose narrow pass in Northern mountains called Thermopylae
300 Spartans under King Leonidas and 6000 other Greeks fight an army of 100,000 Persians
Held pass for 3 days before defeat
Boosted morale of Greece, vowed not to surrender
Athens Navy defeats Xerxes
White lettered clip show first 10 minutes
Black lettered clip only show 2 min. 45 sec.

23. Wars of Greece, cont. Peloponnesian War – 431-404 BC
Lasts off and on for 27 years
Truces followed by fighting
Alliances
Under Pericles, Athenians flee inside city walls
In the end, Persia aids Sparta, Athens Navy conquered
Athens, starving, surrenders