1. MIDTERM REVIEW
WORLD HISTORY

2. (1) Why is the period before 3000BCE called prehistory?
Because there was no evidence of written language before then
(2) What was the period in which early humans were nomads – where they hunted and gathered?
Paleolithic period
(3) What led to the building of permanent settlements?
Development of agriculture (domesticating plants/animals)
(4) Which early civilization set up trading posts along the Mediterranean & created a common language that was used to do business?
Phoenicians
(5) What is the importance of the Code of Hammurabi?
First law code

3. (8) What was the first monotheistic religion?
(6) What was built during the Old King & served as tombs for Egyptian pharaohs?
Pyramids
(7) Why did Egyptian pharaohs have absolute power?
Egyptians believed the Pharaoh was god in human form
(8) What was the first monotheistic religion?
Judaism
(9) What is the most sacred text in Judaism?
The Torah
(10) What was the purpose of Persia’s Royal Road?
To foster communication b/w distant parts of the empire

4. (11) What alphabet had a direct influence on the modern English alphabet?
Phoenician alphabet
(12) What are the seasonal winds that bring the dry & rainy seasons to India?
Monsoons
(13) What was at the top of the Caste System in Ancient India?
Brahmans (priests)
(14) What concept is a belief of both Hinduism & Buddhism?
Reincarnation (rebirth)
(15) What city welcomed foreigners & had a direct democracy?
Athens

5. (16) Who won the Peloponnesian War?
Athens
(17) What did the conquests of Alex the Great create?
Hellenistic Era, an age that saw the expansion of Greek language & culture
(18) Who were the ruling class in Ancient Rome?
Patricians
(19) What made up the Roman senate?
300 patricians men who served for life
(20) What Roman architectural wonder led to the building of domes, bridges, & aqueducts?
Arches (ex., Roman Coliseum; increase strength of buildings)

6. (21) What was the Pax Romana?
Period of Roman peace & prosperity
(22) When Muslims obey Allah’s will, they are following the ___?
Five Pillars of Islam (Hajj, Pray 5x/day, Fast, Charity, Statement of Faith)
(23) What is the main reason for the creation of feudalism during the Middle Ages?
Protect lands from invasions from Magyars, Muslims, & Vikings
(24) What is the most important gift a lord could give a vassal?
Piece of land (fief)
(25) How were serfs and peasants different?
Serfs were LEGALLY BOUND to the land on which they worked

7. (26) Who was the first Frankish king to convert to Christianity?
Charlemagne
(27) What was the importance of the Battle of Tours?
Stopped the spread of Islam into Europe
(28) Who created a large European empire during the 700s & 800s CE?
Charlemagne
(29) What is a Crusade?
Holy war to regain Holy Land (waged by European Christians against Muslims in the Holy Land)
(30) What were the consequences of the Black Death?
Decline of workers, persecution of Jews, economic difficulties

8. (31) Anti-Semitism is a hatred toward ___ & was worst in ___?
Jews; Germany
(32) What was the goal of the first Crusade?
For European Christians to take back Jerusalem & the Holy Land from Muslims
(33) Trade routes in the east opened up to the west b/c of ___?
The Crusades
(34) What were France and England fighting over during the Hundred Years’ War?
The English Throne (William the Conqueror, 1066, Battle of Hastings)
(35) The Black Death led to W. Europe losing ___ of its population?
One-third (1/3)

9. (36) What was the court that tried heretics & burned them at the stake if they were found guilty?
Inquisition
(37) What is the largest desert in the world?
Sahara
(38) Who is credited with creating the first form of democracy in the Americas?
Iroquois
(39) Who is considered to be the greatest Mesoamerican civilization?
Maya
(40) What civilization was located in the Andes Mountains & created 24,800 miles of roads?
Inca

10. (41) The rebirth of Greek & Roman culture in the late 1400s & early 1500s is known as the ___.
Italian Renaissance
(42) What is the study of ancient Greek & Latin texts in order to learn about human nature?
Humanism
(43) What did Machiavelli believe?
It is “better to be feared than loved” as a leader
(44) Michelangelo spent years painting the ceiling of the ___.
Sistine Chapel
(45) What is Christian Humanism?
Study of Greek & Roman texts as well as the Bible (for higher understanding of Christianity)

11. (46) The Protestant Reformation created a permanent division in ___.
Western church into Protestant & Catholic groups
(47) What was Luther’s biggest grievance w/ the Catholic Church?
Selling of indulgences
(48) What is predestination?
Belief that God has chosen who gets into Heaven & who doesn’t
(49) Why did Henry VIII request an annulment of his marriage?
Catherine had yet to produce a male heir
(50) What is an absolute monarch?
King/queen who has control over all aspects of govt.