1. Plot & literary terms

2. Literal
Conforming to the exact or primary meaning of a word or words

3. Figurative language
Words or groups of words that exaggerate or alter the usual meaning
Ex: The ground is thirsty.
Ex: My soul began to quiver.

4. metaphor
Direct comparison between two unlike things; one thing is said TO BE another
Example: Her eyes were stars.
Explain the metaphor in this song.
John Michael Montgomery
“Life’s a Dance”

5. Simile A comparison between two unlike things, using “like” or “as”
Example: Her eyes were like stars.
Write down as many similes as you can from this song:
John Denver
“Annie’s Song”

6. Is it a metaphor or a simile?
1. Like a thunderbolt he falls.
2. My love is like a red, red rose.
3. My sister’s boyfriend is a cow!
4. My sister’s boyfriend eats like a pig!
5. Her presence was a roomful of flowers.
6. His words are honey to my ears.
7. His car is as ugly as sin.
8. This class is a bear.

7. IRONY
Contrast between expectations and reality – between what appears to be true and what is really true.
3 TYPES
Situational – We expect one thing to happen, and the opposite actually occurs.
Dramatic – We know something a character in the story doesn’t.
Verbal – We say one thing, but mean the opposite.
Listen to “Ironic” by Alanis Morisette. Is it ironic? Which lyrics contain irony? Which are NOT ironic?
Listen to “Don’t Take the Girl” by Tim McGraw. How/why is it ironic? Which type?

8. allusion
reference to a previous work, historical event, famous person, or pop culture as a comparison
What is the allusion in Taylor Swift’s “Love Story”?

9. Tone Amused Sad Humorous Clear Pessimistic Matter-of- fact Angry
Serious
Informal
Formal
Playful
Suspicious
Cheerful
Gloomy
Ironic
Optimistic
Pompous
Witty
Light
attitude that the author adopts with regards to a specific character, place or development.
Tone helps the reader understand the writer’s feelings towards a particular topic and this in turn influences the reader’s understanding

10. Mood the feelings a piece of literature arouses in the reader. amused
loving
lethargic
calm
mellow
lonely
cheerful
nostalgic
melancholic
confident
optimistic
merciless
content
passionate
moody
determined
peaceful
nervous
dreamy
playful
numb
ecstatic
refreshed
overwhelmed
empowered
rejuvenated
pessimistic
energetic
relaxed
rejected
flirty
sentimental
restless
grateful
silly
sick
hopeful
surprised
stressed
hyper
sympathetic
joyous
thankful
light-hearted
jealous

11. What tone does this painting have?
What mood is set by the painting?
Thomas Kincaid

12. Thomas Kincaid mash-up
What tone does this painting have?
What mood is set by the painting?
Thomas Kincaid mash-up

13. Name the tone & mood (they are different!) of each of these songs
Katy Perry, “Roar”
Miley Cyrus, “Wrecking Ball”

14. Personification Giving human characteristics to something non-human
Listen to these song snippets and jot down personification you hear in each one.

15. characterization
Process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character
DIRECT: tells the audience what the character’s personality is like
Example: She was a mean old lady!
INDIRECT: shows things that reveal the character’s personality.
Example: The old lady stole the children’s candy while they weren’t looking.
Used more often than direct characterization
Listen to the song “Cat’s Cradle” by Harry Chapin
What type of characterization is used?
How does the writer reveal his “characters’” personalities?