1. Section 3: Victory in Europe and the Pacific

2. Allies Turn the Tide Nazis invaded Soviet Union but did not conquer it
Pushed the Axis powers out of North Africa
Allies invaded Italy, difficult battles
Bombed Germany from bases in England
Battle of Midway won by Allies (ended the Japanese advance)

3. Germany Invades the Soviet Union
An Unstoppable German Army Stalls
June 1941, Hitler invades the Soviet Union
Operation Barbarossa
Frederick Barbarossa, medieval Germanic leader
Why break the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
Ural Mountains = raw materials
Siberia = forests
Ukraine = wheat fields
Crush communism in Europe

5. Operation Barbarossa Germans caught Stalin unprepared
Slash-and-burn retreat strategy
Fall 1941 Nazis deep in Soviet territory
German soldiers froze to death

6. Allies Turn the Tide 1942 1943 1944 Allies increase production
May – Japanese are defeated at Coral Sea
June – Japanese are defeated at Midway
Nov. – Allies halt German advance in Africa
Big Three agree to focus on war in Europe
Jan. - Germans surrender at Stalingrad
May – Rommel’s army surrenders in North Africa
July – Allies land in Sicily
Sept. – Italians surrender to Allies
Allies bomb German facilities
June – D-Day: Allies invade Normandy
Aug. – Allies enter Paris
Autumn – German defeat seems inevitable

7. The Global Conflict: Allied Successes
Nations mobilize for total war
Democratic political power increases
Economic resources directed to war effort
Consumer good rationed
Prices and wages regulated
War puts an end to unemployment
Democratic governments limit citizen rights
Censored the press
Use of propaganda
Japanese containment camps – US West Coast

8. Allied Victory in North Africa
Turning points in the war in North Africa
El Alamein
1942 Egypt
British General Bernard Montgomery vs. German General Rommel “Desert Fox”
Axis powers driven back across Libya into Tunisia
American General Dwight Eisenhower
Morocco and Algeria
Traps Rommel’s army; surrendered in May 1943

9. Invasion of Normandy Operation Overlord: headed by Dwight Eisenhower
Largest fleet ever assembled (4,400 ships)
Deceived Germans: fake army set up near Calais
D-Day: June 6, 1944
11,000 planes led the way
Soldiers stormed the beaches
Gained a foothold in France, 1st step to defeating Germany

10. Liberation of Europe Allies Advance
August 1944: Allies liberated Paris
Hitler refused to surrender to Allied forces
Battle of the Bulge (Hitler’s last offensive December 1944)
Germany captured several key towns
Reinforcements pushed Germans out of France
Early 1945: Soviets and U.S. outside Berlin
April 1945: Mussolini captured and executed
April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide
May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders

11. Atomic Bomb Ends the War
Manhattan Project
July 16, 1945: 1st Atomic Bomb was tested
Developed by scientists (many refugees)
Truman’s Decision
Invasion might cost: 1,000,000 U.S. lives
Mattered more than Japanese civilian lives
Hiroshima (8/6/1945) Nagasaki (8/9/1945)
95,000 civilians were killed
Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945 (VJ Day)