1. States of the Glottis

2. Ejectives [p’, t’, k’, ʧ’] Are always voiceless Are found here
Athabaskan, Caucasus, Quechua, Ethiopia

3. Implosives
[ɓ, ɗ, ɠ]
Found in Vietnamese, Mayan, American English

4. Creaky voice Also called glottalized or larygealized vowels [V̰]
Think Kardashian

5. Creaky voice Also called glottalized or larygealized vowels [V̰]
Think Kardashian
Is contrastive in some languages
Mazatec
Burmese
Vietnamese

6. Aspirated Consonants [ph, th,kh,ʧh]
In English they are not contrastive
In Thai and Korean they are contrastive

7. Aspirated Consonants Voiced aspirated consonants
Called breathy or murmured
[bɦ, dɦ, gɦ]
Occur in Hindi, Bengali

8. Breathy Vowels
[V̤]
Occur in some native languages of Mexico

9. Is Aspiration contrastive?
Y diagram for aspirated and unaspirated stops

10. Is Aspiration contrastive?
Y diagram for aspirated and unaspirated stops
[p, t, k] appear end of syllable
[ph, th,kh] appear elsewhere

11. What stop phonemes exist?
Do Y diagram for all stops

12. What does this show? [p] and [ph] belong to different phonemes
[th] and [t] belong to diff. Phon.
[p] and [t] . . .
[t] and [d] etc. p ph t th k kh b d i o a # e

13. What does this show?
[p], [ph], [th], [b], [d] belong to different phonemes p ph t th k kh b d i o a # e

14. What labial phonemes exist?
Do Y diagram for [b, w, β]

15. What does this show? b w β i o # a e

16. What does this show? [b] and [w] belong to separate phonemes b w β i o# a e

17. What does this show? b w β i o # a e

18. What does this show? [β] and [b] may belong to different phonemes b w# a e

19. What does this show? b w β i o # a e

20. What does this show? [β] and [w] are in complementary distribution b w# a e

21. What does this show? [β] and [w] are in complementary distribution
/b/--[b]
/β/--[β] elsewhere \
[w] before [a] b w β i o # a e

22. Length
Consonant length=gemination

23. Length Consonant length=gemination
Vowel length not usually called gemination

24. Length
Length (duration) can be contrastive or non-contrastive

25. Length Length (duration) can be contrastive or non-contrastive Spanish
Stressed vowels are longer
[lé:ma]
But [léma] [lé:ma] don’t contrast

26. Length Length (duration) can be contrastive or non-contrastive English
Vowels longer before voiced obstruents
[pæ:d]
[pæt]

27. Length Is it stress or contrastive length?
If length follows stress it is non- contrastive
Spanish
[depó:sito]
[deposí:to]
[depositó:]

28. Length Is it stress or contrastive length?
If length doesn’t follow stress it is contrastive
Hypothetical
[de:pósito]
[depósi:to]
[depósito:]

29. Short and Long Vowels in English
What were you told were short and long vowels in English?

30. Short and Long Vowels in English
What were you told were short and long vowels in English?

31. Short and Long Vowels in English
There is nothing “long” about long vowels

32. Short and Long Vowels in English
Idea held over from Middle English that had real long vowels

33. Short and Long Vowels in English
Idea held over from Middle English that had real long vowels
They different in quality too
Short V
word
Long V
Modern Long V ɪ
bit i:
bite aɪ ɛ
bet e:
meet i a
hot a:
mate eɪ ʊ
full u:
house aʊ ɔ
law o:
boot u ɔ:
boat oʊ

34. Short and Long Vowels in English
They were long and short 500 years ago, now they have different quality
Short V
word
Long V
Modern Long V ɪ
bit i:
bite aɪ ɛ
bet e:
meet i a
hot a:
mate eɪ ʊ
full u:
house aʊ ɔ
law o:
boot u ɔ:
boat oʊ

35. Geminate consonants
False geminates
Sequences of same C across words

36. Geminate consonants False geminates Sequences of same C across words
White teeth
Fish shop
Phone name

37. Geminate consonants False geminates
Sequences of same C across morphemes
unnamed

38. Geminate consonants
Real geminates
Japanese
Kita-arrive
Kitta-cut

39. Geminate consonants Real geminates Japanese Kita-arrive Kitta-cut
Norwegian
Lete-search
Lette-take off

40. Geminate consonants
Real geminates
Punjabi
Des-tell
Des:-tell

41. Are Spanish geminates real or false?
Innato innate

42. Are Spanish geminates real or false?
Innato innate
Comes from in+nato

43. Are Spanish geminates real or false?
Innato innate
Comes from in+nato
Jiennense from Jaen
Comes from Jaen+nense

44. Are Spanish geminates real or false?
Innato innate
Comes from in+nato
Jiennense from Jaen
Comes from Jaen+nense
Perro vs. pero (dog vs. but)
Trill vs. tap

45. Are Spanish geminates real or false?
Innato innate
Comes from in+nato
Jiennense from Jaen
Comes from Jaen+nense
Perro vs. pero (dog vs. but)
Trill vs. tap
Lots of dialects don’t trill

46. Are Spanish geminates real or false?
Pug:a < pulga ‘flea’
Puga ‘proper name’
At:o < apto ‘appropriate’
Ato ‘I tie’

47. Are Spanish geminates real or false?
Pug:a < pulga ‘flea’
Puga ‘proper name’
At:o < apto ‘appropriate’
Ato ‘I tie’
Not all dialects assimilate in this way

48. Formal representation of geminates