1. FRONTS (Chapter 11) Figure 11.12
A weather map showing surface-pressure systems, air masses, fronts, and isobars (in millibars) as solid gray lines. Large arrows in color show air flow. (Green-shaded area represents precipitation.)
(Chapter 11)

2. FIGURE A surface weather map showing surface-pressure systems, air masses, fronts, and isobars (in millibars) as solid gray
lines. Large arrows in color show air flow. (Green-shaded area represents rain; pink-shaded area represents freezing rain and sleet;
white-shaded area represents snow.)

3. Ben Franklin’s Storm
(Nov. 2, 1743)
500 mb L
Boston L
Philadelphia

4. Norwegian Cyclone Model
Page: 323
FIGURE 12.1 The idealized life cycle of a mid-latitude cyclone (a through f) in the Northern Hemisphere based on the polar front theory. As the life cycle progresses, the system moves northeastward in a dynamic fashion. The small arrow next to each L shows the direction of storm movement.
(pp. 322–324)

5. Typical Cold Front Convective precipitation 50–100 mile wide
band along front
Page: 308
FIGURE A closer look at the surface weather associated with the cold front situated in the southern United States in Fig (Solid gray lines are isobars. Green-shaded area represents rain; white-shaded area represents snow.)

6. Cold Front Cross-Section
Page: 309
FIGURE A vertical view of a model representing the weather across the cold front in Fig along the line X–X´.

7. Typical Warm Front “Overrunning” Clouds and precipitation
precede surface front
Stratiform clouds starting
about 750 miles from front
Stratiform precipitation starting
about 350 miles from front
“Overrunning”
Page: 312
FIGURE Surface weather associated with a typical warm front in winter. A vertical view along the dashed line P-P´ is shown in Fig (Green-shaded area represents rain; pink-shaded area represents freezing rain and sleet; white-shaded area represents snow.)

8. Warm Front Cross-Section
Figure 11.19
Vertical view of clouds, precipitation, and winds across the warm front in Fig along the line P–P’.

9. Warm Front Cross-Section
WARM AIR
COLD AIR
Figure 11.19
Vertical view of clouds, precipitation, and winds across the warm front in Fig along the line P–P’.

10. Page: 312
FIGURE Vertical view of a model illustrating clouds, precipitation, and winds across the warm front in Fig along the line P–P’.

11. FIGURE 11. 22 The formation of a cold-occluded front. The
faster-moving cold front (a) catches up to the slower-moving warm
front (b) and forces it to rise off the ground (c). (Green-shaded area in
(d) represents precipitation.)

12. FIGURE 11. 22 The formation of a cold-occluded front. The
faster-moving cold front (a) catches up to the slower-moving warm
front (b) and forces it to rise off the ground (c). (Green-shaded area in
(d) represents precipitation.)

13. FIGURE 11. 22 The formation of a cold-occluded front. The
faster-moving cold front (a) catches up to the slower-moving warm
front (b) and forces it to rise off the ground (c). (Green-shaded area in
(d) represents precipitation.)

14. OCCLUDED FRONTS Heavy precipitation along front
FIGURE The formation of a cold-occluded front. The
faster-moving cold front (a) catches up to the slower-moving warm
front (b) and forces it to rise off the ground (c). (Green-shaded area in
(d) represents precipitation.)
OCCLUDED FRONTS
Heavy precipitation along front
Convective or stratiform
Short duration

15. FIGURE 11. 22 The formation of a cold-occluded front. The
faster-moving cold front (a) catches up to the slower-moving warm
front (b) and forces it to rise off the ground (c). (Green-shaded area in
(d) represents precipitation.)

16. Occluded Front Cross-Section (“Cold Occlusion”)
FIGURE The formation of a cold-occluded front. The
faster-moving cold front (a) catches up to the slower-moving warm
front (b) and forces it to rise off the ground (c). (Green-shaded area in
(d) represents precipitation.)

17. FIGURE 11. 22 The formation of a cold-occluded front. The
faster-moving cold front (a) catches up to the slower-moving warm
front (b) and forces it to rise off the ground (c). (Green-shaded area in
(d) represents precipitation.)

18. “Warm Occlusion”
FIGURE (at left) The formation of a warm-type occluded
front. The faster-moving cold front in (a) overtakes the slower-moving
warm front in (b). The lighter air behind the cold front rises up and
over the denser air ahead of the warm front. Diagram (c) shows a surface
map of the situation.

19. Figure 11.21
The formation of a warm-type occluded front. The faster-moving cold front in (a) overtakes the slower-moving warm front in (b). The lighter air behind the cold front rises up and over the denser air ahead of the warm front. Diagram (c) shows a surface map of the situation.

20. Occluded Front Cross-Section (“Warm Occlusion”)
Figure 11.21
The formation of a warm-type occluded front. The faster-moving cold front in (a) overtakes the slower-moving warm front in (b). The lighter air behind the cold front rises up and over the denser air ahead of the warm front. Diagram (c) shows a surface map of the situation.

21. “Warm Occlusion”
FIGURE (at left) The formation of a warm-type occluded
front. The faster-moving cold front in (a) overtakes the slower-moving
warm front in (b). The lighter air behind the cold front rises up and
over the denser air ahead of the warm front. Diagram (c) shows a surface
map of the situation.

22. Cold Occlusion Warm Occlusion
FIGURE The formation of a cold-occluded front. The
faster-moving cold front (a) catches up to the slower-moving warm
front (b) and forces it to rise off the ground (c). (Green-shaded area in
(d) represents precipitation.)

23. (QUASI-) STATIONARY FRONT
Partly cloudy or cloudy with widespread stratiform precipitation

24. Cyclone Family
Cold Air
Warm Air
(pp. 306–319)

26. Station Temp SLP trend CC Wind dir Dew point Precip A B C D E F Low
Falling
Cirrostratus SE
Moderate No B
Overcast, (nb)stratus
No, chance light drizzle C
Overcast, nb-stratus
Slightly higher
Continuous rain D
Lower
Falling then rising
nb-stratus or c-nimbus
NW to W
Slightly lower (?)
Mod-hvy rain showers E
Rising
Clearing NW F
No clouds
Lower, stabilizing

27. cP or mP (Atlantic) cP mT

28. Clouds

29. Precipitation