1. SEGREGATION

2. Revolutionary African American Amendments
13th Amendment = Abolished slavery
14th Amendment = Citizenship to former slaves
15th Amendment = African American right to vote.

3. Government Limits African American Voting Rights
Jim Crow Laws = Laws that kept blacks and whites segregated.
Poll Tax = Required voters to pay a tax to vote.
Problem: Most African Americans could not afford to pay the tax.
Literacy Test = Take a test to see how well educated you are.
Problem: Most African Americans were denied an education.
Grandfather Clauses = Allowed people to vote as long as their ancestors voted.
Problem: Most ancestors of African Americans were slaves and could not vote.

4. Voting Restrictions for African Americans in the South, 1889-1950’s

5. New Laws Enforce Segregation
Segregation was a way of life, especially in the South.
Jim Crow railroad cars, waiting stations, Bibles, cemeteries, restaurants, parks, beaches, and hospitals.
Plessy V. Ferguson (1896) = “Separate but equal”

6. social reality
SOCIAL REALITY
Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896
Supreme Court legalized segregation throughout the nation.
“Separate but Equal” as long as public facilities were equal
Problem: Black facilities never equal to White facilities

7. How do Black Americans overcome segregation?
Booker T. Washington
How do Black Americans overcome segregation?
Southern Perspective
Former slave
Wrote a book/Up From Slavery
Don’t confront segregation head on
Before you are considered equal in society--must be self sufficient like most Americans
Stressed vocational education for Black Americans
Gradualism and economic self-sufficiency
Founder of Tuskegee Institute

8. W.E.B. Dubois How do Black Americans overcome segregation?
Northern Perspective
Fought for immediate Black equality in society
Talented 10%: Demanded the top 10% of the talented Black population be placed into the “power positions”
Gain equality by breaking into power structure
Founder of NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

9. Crusade against lynchings.
IDA B. WELLS
Crusade against lynchings.
Began her campaign in Tennessee
She ended up in Chicago
Don’t confront segregation head on
Wrote a book calling for a law specifically against lynching's
Congress rejected this.
Did help decrease lynchings

10. Against lynching's, racism and gender discrimination
Mary Church Terrell
Against lynching's, racism and gender discrimination
Very well educated
Helped to found NAACP
Helped with women’s suffrage
Helped boycott department stores in D.C. that wouldn’t serve African Americans