1. The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
2 December 2018
Bullock: Homeland Security
Chapter 5
Intelligence & Counterterrorism
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

2. The Intelligence Community
Executive branch agencies and organizations
Work both independently and collaboratively
Gather the intelligence necessary to conduct national security activities
Collect and convey essential security-related information the President and members of the policymaking, law enforcement, and military communities as they require to carry out their required functions and duties
17 agencies today
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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IC Members
Air Force Intelligence Army Intelligence Central Intelligence Agency Coast Guard Intelligence Defense Intelligence Agency Department of Energy Department of Homeland Security Department of State Department of the Treasury Drug Enforcement Administration
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Marine Corps Intelligence
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
National Reconnaissance Office
National Security Agency
Navy Intelligence
Office of the Director of National Intelligence
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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4. Intelligence Activities
US Government has always performed
Expanded during the Cold War, reduced afterwards
9/11 Commission found intelligence problems
Congress passed IRTPA
Director of National Intelligence
National Counterterrorism Center
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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Intelligence Cycle
Planning
Collection
Processing
Analysis
Dissemination
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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Intelligence Sources
OSINT
HUMINT
SIGINT
GEOINT
MASINT
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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7. Intelligence Oversight
Executive and Legislative branches
Organizations include:
The President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
The President’s Intelligence Oversight Board
The Office of Management and Budget
The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
The House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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DNI
Creation recommended by the 9/11 Commission
Presidentially-nominated and Senate-confirmed position
Serves as the head of the Intelligence Committee
Tasked with ensuring coordination and cooperation among the IC agencies
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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DNI Critical Tasks
Create national intelligence centers
Control the national intelligence budget
Transfer personnel and funds
Create a Privacy and Civil Liberties Board
Establish an information-sharing network
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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Deputy DNIs
Office of the Deputy Director for Policy, Plans and Requirements (DDNI/PPR)
Office of the Deputy Director for Collection (DDNI/C)
Office of the Deputy Director for Analysis (DDNI/A)
Office of the Deputy Director for Future Capabilities (DDNI/FC)
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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DNI Mission Support
National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)
National Counterintelligence Executive (NCIX)
National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC)
The Special Security Center’s (SSC)
The National Intelligence University (NIU)
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)
The Center for Security Evaluation’s (CSE)
The National Intelligence Council (NIC)
The National Intelligence Coordination Center (NIC-C)
The Mission Support Center
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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12. The Central Intelligence Agency
Established under the National Security Act of 1947, the CIA was to have five functions:
Advise the National Security Council (NSC);
Make recommendations to the NSC for the coordination of such intelligence activities;
Correlate and evaluate national security intelligence and disseminate such intelligence within the Government;
Perform for the benefit of existing intelligence agencies such additional services of common concern as the NSC determines can be accomplished centrally;
Perform other such functions and duties related to intelligence as the NSC may from time to time direct
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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Four Primary CIA Units
National Clandestine Service
Directorate of Intelligence and Analysis
Directorate of Administration
Directorate of Research
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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CIA I&A Offices
Crime and Narcotics Center
Counterintelligence Center/Analysis Group
Information Operations Center/Analysis Group
Office of Asian Pacific, Latin American, and African Analysis
Office of Collection Strategies and Analysis
Office of Iraq Analysis
Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis
Office of Policy Support
Office of Russian and European Analysis
Office of Corporate Resources
Office of Terrorism Analysis
Office of Transnational Issues
Weapons Intel., Nonproliferation, and Arms Control Center
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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15. Defense Intelligence Agency
Major producer and manager of foreign military intelligence
DIA Director is a three-star military officer
Headquartered in the Pentagon, but the agency employs more than 15,000 civilian and military personnel around the world
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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FBI
Federal law enforcement organization
Also a threat-based, intelligence driven, national security organization
Protects the United States from critical threats while safeguarding civil liberties
Serves as a link between intelligence and law enforcement communities
Priorities: combating the threat of terrorism; counterintelligence; and cybercrime
Also maintains a counterintelligence role
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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17. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
Formerly called the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)
Established in October of 1996
Components
Source Operations and Management Office
Enterprise Operations Directorate
Analysis & Production Directorate
Acquisition Directorate
InnoVision Directorate
Provides disaster imagery
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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18. National Reconnaissance Office
Primary function is to oversee the research and development, procurement, deployment, and operation of imaging, signals intelligence, and ocean surveillance satellites
The NRO is a DOD agency and is staffed by DOD and CIA personnel
NRO systems provide the foundation for global situational awareness and address many of the nation’s most significant intelligence challenges
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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19. National Security Agency (NSA)
Tasked with two primary responsibilities:
Information assurance
Signals intelligence
Offices:
Information Assurance Directorate
Signals Intelligence Directorate
Central Security Service
NSA/CSS Threat Operations Center
Research Directorate
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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20. NSA Information Assurance
Provides “information assurance solutions” that protect U.S. information systems from harm, including:
Detecting, reporting, and responding to cyber threats
Making encryption codes to securely pass information
Embedding information assurance measures directly into the emerging global information grid
Building secure audio and video communications equipment
Making tamper-proof products
Providing trusted microelectronics solutions
Testing the security of its partners’ and its customers’ systems
Providing operational security assistance
Evaluating commercial software and hardware
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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21. NSA Signals Intelligence
Collects, processes, and disseminates foreign signals intelligence (SIGINT)
Provides information that enables the U.S. government to make critical decisions
Provides military leaders and policy-makers with intelligence to ensure national defense and to advance U.S. global interests (specifically limited to that which focuses on foreign powers, organizations, or persons and international terrorists)
Responds to requirements of its intelligence partners and customers
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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DHS I&A Office
DHS’s headquarters intelligence element
Led by the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis
Responsible for using information and intelligence from multiple sources to identify and assess current and future threats to the United States
Provides actionable intelligence to support national and DHS decision-makers
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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23. Department of State INR
Provides expert intelligence analysis to the Secretary of State and senior policymakers
Decisions regarding the protection of American interests around the world
Serves as the State Department focal point for all policy issues and activities involving the Intelligence Community
The INR Humanitarian Information Unit (HIU) serves as a nucleus for unclassified information related to complex emergencies
Chapter 5 – Intelligence & Counterterrorism
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