1. The Romanization of Britain: economy, religion and empire

2. Roman Britain: Key Dates/Events 55 BCECaesar invades 43 CEClaudius invades, annexes SE, Londinium founded 59-61Boudicca revolts, kills 80k 71-83Rome expands into Midlands, Scotland 87Expansion ends (Agricola), Stanegate frontier developed 122Hadrians visit, wall construction begins 125Forts constructed on wall 143Antonine wall built 163Antonine wall abandoned, retreat to Hadrians wall 211Septimius Severus dies in Eboracum (York) 410Rome abandons Britain 500Londinium uninhabited

3. Key questions for the Roman empire: on the basis of your study of Londinium, and your readings in Shotter and the literary sources … what impact did the Romanization of Britain have on the local economy and religious practices? what does empire look like in a province 900 miles (~ 2 weeks) from the center? what is daily life like for Romans and Britons in the Roman imperium?

5. Hadrians Wall Housesteads

6. Hadrians Wall: dry moat (vallum)

7. Housesteads Fort (Vercovicium or Borcovicium), along Hadrians Wall

9. Hadrians wall with mile castle Housesteads Fort

10. Hadrians Wall Chesters Fort

11. Model, Chesters Fort

13. Chesters Fort, Gateway

14. Commanders Headquarters

15. Barracks

16. Bath at Chesters Fort

17. Bathing Complex: Changing Room (apodyterium), Chesters Fort

18. Bathing Complex: hot bath (caldarium), Chesters Fort

19. Bathing Complex: drainage system, Chesters Fort

20. Hadrians Wall Vindolanda

22. Vindolanda Military community largely self- contained regarding food production & storage, manufacturing & repair Wide range of specialization – e.g., bathhouse, hospital, temple Close contact with locals as troops patrol & communicate

23. Vindolanda tablets: vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk 700+ tablets detailing daily lives of Roman soldiers and their families > 200 individuals named – writers & recipients, with ranks, places of origin and kinship connections

24. Fishbourne Begun ca. 65/75, alterations until 3 rd c.

25. Fishbourne, So. England Monumental entrance, courtyards,, state rooms, reception area, gallery, private apartments, 50 mosaic floors, central heating, bathhouse, formal gardens Provincial governors palace, 500 ft. 2, > Buckingham Palace

27. Bath or Aquae Sulis

28. BathAquae Sulis

29. Bath / Aquae Sulis

30. Material Remains (British Museum)

32. London Mithraeum (from Walbrook)

33. Londinium

34. Key questions for the Roman empire: on the basis of your study of Londinium, and your readings in Shotter and the literary sources … what impact did the Romanization of Britain have on the local economy and religious practices? what does empire look like in a province 900 miles (~ 2 weeks) from the center? what is daily life like for Romans and Britons in the Roman imperium?