1. Age of Exploration

2. Purpose
Economic- accumulate resources, increase trade, grow economy, increase use of money, finance wars and exploration
Political- power, prestige, new territory
Religion- spread Christianity, stop Islamic Expansion
Cultural Diffusion- sharing of ideas or products between cultures

3. Benefits Arabs- triangular sails (effective sailing)
Muslims- astrolabe (determine location)
Chinese- magnetic compass (accurate location)
Maps, ship design, new way of thinking (bold, risk takers)

4. Portugal Leaders in exploration on water
Established trading post along west coast of Africa
Prince Henry supported explorations through education
Henry started school for explorers (map makers, mathematicians, astronomers, scientists, sea captions)

5. Explorers
1487- Bartolomeu Dias sailed around southern tip of Africa (Cape Code of Hope)
1492- Christopher Columbus discovered West Indies and North America, supported by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
1497- Vasco da Gama sailed from Portugal to India, 1st to sail to India

7. Treaty of Tordesillas
Rivalry between Spain and Portugal over who discovered India 1st
Pope Alexander VI stepped in to divide the two countries
Line of Demarcation- west-Spain, east-Portugal (included parts of Brazil)

8. Ferdinand Magellan 1519 sailed west to Eastern Coast of South America
Portuguese but sailed under Spanish Flag
Strait of Magellan- strip of water between Atlantic and Pacific
Killed in Philippines, his sailors return to Spain, 1st to circumnavigate (circle the world)

10. European Colonization
Portugal continued to build trade empire throughout the Indian Ocean
Dutch declared independence from Spain and established Dutch Republic and took over the Indian Ocean trade
France and England small time traders
Mercantilism became the economy theory, colonies existed solely for the benefit of the mother country
Resources: gold/silver, land, spices, silks, people