1. Packet 12: Classification
Notes: pg. 6 and pg. 8-9

2. Ways to Show Evolutionary Relationships: pg. 6
Phylogeny- Classifying organisms based upon their evolutionary relationships.
Phylogenic tree is a diagram that looks a bit like a family tree, showing who the nearest relatives were and who shared a common ancestor and when.

3. Phylogenic Tree

4. Phylogenic Tree

5. Ways to Show Evolutionary Relationships
Cladogram- A chart that shows phylogenic (evolutionary) relationships between organisms.

6. Cladograms
Each of these creatures has an evolutionary relationship to one another.
They all share a common origin, and their current forms are all derived from branching events somewhere in the phylogenetic past.

7. Use the cladogram to answer the following questions:
What features are shared by the salamander and mouse?
Jaws and lungs
Does the hagfish possess a jaw? No
Why is the derived characteristic ‘feathers’ not written on the main axis like all of the other characteristics?
B/c they are only possessed by the birds

8. Cladograms A cladogram can be constructed for any group of organisms.
Use the cladogram below to determine which characteristics are found in the: kangaroo, earthworm, amoeba, lizard, cat, sponge and salmon.
(+ = present; - = not present)
Limbs

9. What traits do each organism have?
Kangaroo- segmented body, jaws, hair, multicellular, limbs
Earthworm- segmented body, multicellular
Amoeba- n/a
Lizard- segmented body, jaws, multicellular, limbs
Cat- segmented, jaws, hair, placenta, multicellular, limbs
Sponge- multicellular
Salmon- segmented body, jaws, multicellular

10. Classification Keys
A classification key, also known as a Dichotomous key, is useful in identifying unknown organisms (but is not limited to being used with living things).
Begin on line 1 (reading choices a and b). Choose the statement that matches your organism.
Follow the Go To direction until you come to a line that identifies the organism by name.

11. Pinus ponderosa
Monodon monoceros
Passer domesticus
Ophiophagus hannah

12. Pg. 9 Terms to keep in mind: Serrate or “sawtooth” edge
Now Try it Yourself!
Terms to keep in mind:
Notched or lobed leaf
Serrate or “sawtooth” edge

13. White elm
English oak
Magnolia
Sweet gum tree

14. Using the above dichotomous key- what can you tell me about the sugar maple?
Work backwards:
Leaf wider than it is long
Each lobe having several points
Leaf not star shaped
Five pointy lobes
Four of five lobes total
Leaf deeply notched or lobed