1. Review T 9/25 at 5pm in WRW 102 and in class 9/26
Exam #1 W 9/26 at 7-8:30pm in UTC 2.102A
(bring cheat sheet)
Review T 9/25 at 5pm in WRW 102 and in class 9/26

2. DNA contains the information to make RNA and/or proteins.
Fig 8.11
DNA contains the information to make RNA and/or proteins.
Protein

3. Alternative splicing produces related but distinct protein isoforms
Fig 9.20

6. Luciferase Gene (from fireflies) Expressed in a Plant

7. 100%
4.7%
0.34%
0.22%

8. A processed mRNA ready for translation
5’ untranslated region
3’ untranslated region
Protects from degradation/ recognition for ribosome
Protects from degradation/ transport to cytoplasm

9. Combinations of 3 nucleotides code for each 1 amino acid in a protein.

10. The Genetic Code: 64 codons 20 amino acids 1 start codon 3 stop codons
Fig 9.6
The Genetic Code:
64 codons
20 amino acids
1 start codon
3 stop codons

11. Translation involves different RNA’s
Fig 8.11
Translation involves different RNA’s
Protein

12. rRNA folds up by intramolecular base pairing
Fig 9.12

13. Ribosomes are made of both RNA and protein
Fig 9.11

14. On the ribosome, the mRNA, tRNA’s, and growing polypeptide come together
Fig 9.13

15. The structure of transfer RNA
Fig 9.7
The structure of transfer RNA

16. Fig 9.14
Translation initiation sequences along with the start codon signals the start of translation

17. Translation initiation in eukaryotes
Fig 9.16

18. The poly-A tail and 5’ cap are involved in translation initiation

19. The Genetic Code: 64 codons 20 amino acids 1 start codon 3 stop codons
Fig 9.6
The Genetic Code:
64 codons
20 amino acids
1 start codon
3 stop codons

20. Fig 9.10
Redundancy in codons means that some tRNAs bind to the codon via wobble

21. mRNAs are usually translated by multiple ribosomes simultaneously

22. In bacteria, transcription and translation occur simultaneously

23. Termination of translation by binding of release factor (a protein) to the stop codon
Fig 9.18

24. All protein interactions in an organism (C
All protein interactions in an organism (C. elegans) compose the interactome
Fig 9.22

25. post-translational modifications: activation, inactivation, destruction, and translocation
RNA synthesis
Fig 14.1
Protein

26. What makes us who we are?
Nature and Nurture

27. Imprinting:
exposure to movement sets “mother”

28. X/Y chromosomes in humans: genes = traits
Fig 4.4

29. Human Chromosomes

30. Twin studies have been used to determine the heritability of various traits, but there are some caveats.

31. Correlation of weight and relatedness
Correlation of weight (BMI) %
Biological siblings 34
Parents and children living together 26
Identical twins reared together 80
Identical twins reared apart 72
Fraternal twins reared together 43
Adopted children and parents 4
Unrelated children living together 1
*But food preference shows little genetic correlation
The nature of environmental influences on weight and obesity: A behavior genetic analysis. Grilo, Carlos M.; Pogue-Geile, Michael F.; Psychological Bulletin, Vol 110(3), Nov pp And two books by Matt Ridley: Nature via Nurture (2003) and Genome: the Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters (1999)