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The effects of eugenol as an anesthetic for an insect: Drosophila, adults, larval heart rate and synaptic transmission
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Anesthesia Carbon dioxide Cold FlyNap
Alterations in behaviour up to one week (Bartholomew et al., 2015) Drop in blood and cellular pH → cellular consequences Cold tissue damage delayed copulation of adult flies after exposure (Barron, 2000) FlyNap Increases HR Alters immune response (Chen and Hillyer, 2013)
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Eugenol 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol
Active compound of clove oil (essential oil, ~80%) Dental anaesthetic (FLEMICANE) Perfume Commonly used anaesthetic in fish
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Eugenol-possible mechanisms
Blocking neural function by Blocking TTX-sensitive voltage-gated Na+-channels
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Material and Methods wildtype Canton S (CS) Drosophila melanogaster
Experiments with adult flies Larvae experiments
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Eugenol exposure of adult flies
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Behavioural assays Climbing assay Vortex test righting assay
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Eugenol exposure of larva
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Behavioural assays Mouth hooks (MHM) Body wall contraction (BWC)
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Electrophysiological experiments
Heart rate (HR) Dasari, S. and Cooper, R.L. (2006) Journal of Comparative Physiology B 176: 349–357.
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Electrophysiological recordings
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Electrophysiological recordings
Stimulation frequency: 0.5 Hz
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Results
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Eugenol exposure adults
N = per vial
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Behavioral assay Climbing assay Vortex test righting assay
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Larva behavioural assay
N = 10 per group * P ≤ 0.05 ** p ≤ 0.001
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Larval HR N = 6 * p ≤ 0.05
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Electrophysiologcal recordings
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Take home message Anesthetizes the fly Block of evoked transmission
Reversible effects Block of evoked transmission No block of glutamate receptors Reduction of heart rate Inhibition of sensory reception
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Parallel projects + Opener muscle + Mucle receptor organ (MRO)
+ PD organ
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