1. Kingdom Animalia

2. Animal Cell Characteristics
No cell walls
Membrane bound organelles
Can you name a few & describe their function?

3. Animal Cell Characteristics
Eukaryotic
Can specialize (have different shapes and functions)

4. Levels of Organization
Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organism
-Exception: Sponges. The only animal that have just the cellular level
What are the 4 Macromolecules? What are their functions?

5. Levels of Organization
Molecule or compound
Atom
Organelle
Levels of Organization
CELL
Life begins
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
copyright cmassengale

6. General Animal Features
What Biomolecule is Glycogen?
Multicellular
Heterotroph (by ingestion)
Store food reserves as glycogen

7. Ingestion Questions! What is the name of an organism that eats….
PLANTS?
ANIMALS?
BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS?
DECAYING MATTER?
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore

8. Features Cont’d - Support
Some have skeletal support –
Endoskeleton: inside the body. Made of cartilage or bone.
Ex) Humans, Sharks, Fish, Sponges etc
Exoskeleton: covers outside of body  Limits size. Must go through molting to grow
Ex) Arthropods – Insects, Spiders, Crab etc.

9. Features Cont’d - Support
Some have fluid filled cavities – called hydrostatic skeletons Ex) Worms & Echinoderms (Starfish, Sand dollars, Sea Urchins etc.)

10. Features Cont’d - Movement
Some are sessile (attached & non-moving)
Ex) Sponges
Some are sedentary (move very little)
Ex) Clam
Some are motile (able to move)
Ex) Dogs, Giraffe, Insects etc.

11. Features Cont’d - Reproduction
-All animals capable of sexual reproduction
How is this beneficial?
-Some can reproduce asexually by budding, fragmentation, or regeneration
GENETIC DIVERSITY!
-Some animals are hermaphrodites – organism that produces both egg and sperm
Ex) Sponges, Earthworms, Snails

12. Evolutionary/Developmental Milestones in Animals
Cell specialization and levels of organization
Development of body symmetry and segmentation
Development of an internal body cavity and tissue layers

14. 1. Cell Specialization
Cells throughout a multicellular organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.

15. Levels of Organization

16. 2. Body Symmetry
Symmetry in biology is the balanced distribution of duplicate body parts or shapes. The body plans of most multicellular organisms exhibit some form of symmetry…
Radial Symmetry: A body plan in which all body parts of an organism are arranged around a central point
Ex) Jellyfish, Polyp

17. 2. Body Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry: a single plane divides the body into two mirror images Ex) Crab, Human

18. 2. Body Symmetry Asymmetry: cannot be divided into mirror images
Ex) Sponges

19. 2. Body Segmentation
Segmentation of the body allows development of various specialized limbs, such as antennae, pincers, walking legs, claws, wings, etc.
Cephalization is the concentration of nervous tissues in one location which eventually produces a head region with sensory organs and a brain.

20. 3. Tissue Layers & Body Cavity
Develops Into
Endoderm
digestion and respiration structures
Mesoderm
muscles, bones, blood, skin, reproductive organs
Ectoderm
skin, brain, nervous system
A body cavity, called a coelom, increases the efficiency of food intake and waste removal.