1. EXERCISE: The Effect On The Body

2. Exercise
When we exercise, our body must make a range of short term changes in order to keep up with the physical demands of the activity.
It does this in a variety of ways across the:
Muscles
Lungs
Heart
Energy Systems.

3. Energy Production
In order for muscles to function they require energy to do so. As a muscle contracts, ATP provides the energy for this.

4. Energy Production
Unfortunately there is only enough ATP in the muscles to last for 2 seconds.
Because ATP is the only energy source used directly for this, our body has 3 other ways of regenerating this chemical to create energy.

5. ATP-CP System
This system uses creatine phosphate (a high-energy molecule stored in muscles) to regenerate ADP back to ATP. CP
ADP
ATP
Creatine

6. Glucose (from glycogen breakdown or delivered from oxygen
Anaerobic System
This system uses glucose from the blood and glycogen stored in the muscles to regenerate ADP back to ATP.
Glucose (from glycogen breakdown or delivered from oxygen O2
Chemical Reaction
ATP
Released to blood
Lactic Acid

7. Aerobic System
Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria. It requires oxygen and a series of chemical reactions to produce ATP.
Mitochondria:
Our cell’s power producers which convert energy into forms that can be used.

8. Aerobic System
This system uses glucose from the blood, glycogen stored in the muscles as well as fatty and amino acids to generate ATP.
Glucose (from glycogen breakdown or delivered from oxygen
Fatty Acids
Pyruvic Acid
Amino Acids
Aerobic Respiration in Mitochondria
ATP
CO2 O2

9. The Heart
When exercising the main change that will occur with the heart is an increased cardiac output. This occurs for 2 main reasons.
1- The amount of oxygen needed by working muscles increases
2- The amount of waste products (CO2 and Lactic Acid) from the muscles increases

10. The Lungs
When exercising the main change that will occur with the lungs is increased breathing rate and respiratory volume. This occurs for 2 main reasons.
1- The amount of oxygen needed by working muscles increases
2- The amount of waste products (CO2) from the muscles increases

11. The Muscles
The muscles have a number of things that occur during exercise:
Energy production (3 types)
Depleted energy stores to do this (especially carbohydrates and some amount of fats)
Increased lactic acid build up contributes to muscle fatigue and is partially responsible for muscle soreness from intense activity.

12. The Muscles Heat Production
Only about 40% of the energy released during muscle contraction is converted to useful work.
The rest is given off as heat to maintain constant temperature within the body. This is done through sweating and radiation of heat from the skins surface.

13. Adaptations The Heart and Circulatory System
Cardiac Muscle gets bigger increasing heart volumes
Red Blood cells increase transporting more O2
Capillary beds increase creating better gaseous exchange
Resting Heart Rate Decreases
Accumulation of Lactic Acid decreases due to more efficient circulatory system

14. Adaptations The Lungs Diaphragm increases in strength
Greater respiratory volumes
Increase in diameter of capillaries on alveoli leads to increased gaseous exchange

15. Adaptations The Muscles More mitochondria
Muscles, bones, ligaments become stronger
Myoglobin numbers increase allowing more 02 stored in muscles
Store more glycogen
Enzymes for energy production become more concentrated and efficient