1. The student is expected to: 7A analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies, including anatomical, molecular, and developmental; 7E analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species; 8C compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals

2. KEY CONCEPT Arthropods are the most diverse of all animals.

3. Arthropod features are highly adapted.
Arthropods are invertebrates that share several features.
exoskeleton (cuticle) made of chitin
jointed appendages
segmented body parts

4. Arthropods are classified into five groups.
Trilobites—extinct, bottom feeders

5. Crustaceans—live in oceans, freshwater streams, and on land

6. Chelicerates—specialized daggerlike mouthparts

7. Insects—most live on land, have six legs

8. Myriapods—long bodies and many pairs of legs

9. Arthropod exoskeletons serve a variety of functions.
Joints are made of stiff and flexible cuticle to allow movement.
The exoskeleton is made of many layers of chitin.
hard material that protects the body
must be shed in order to grow

10. Arthropods have an open circulatory system.
Sensory organs such as antennae are made of modified cuticle.
Most arthropods have compound eyes.

11. Arthropod diversity evolved over millions of years.
The oldest fossils are of trilobites that date back 540 million years.

12. The evolutionary relationship between arthropods and other invertebrates remains under question.
body segmentation similar to annelids
molecular evidence suggests segmentation is analogous development
Velvet worms and water bears are considered the closest relatives of arthropods.