1. Plasma: The Fourth State of Matter

2. What Do You Know?
Describe the 3 states of matter using water as an example and discuss how water changes from state to state.
What causes this change of state?
What is happening on an atomic scale?

3. States of Matter 3 states of mater What causes the change of shape?
Solid – water freezes it turns into ice. Solids do not change shape easily
Gas – when the water boils it vaporizes. Gases move very fast
Liquid – move slowly
What causes the change of shape?
Heat
Cold
Temperature

4. What happens at an atomic level?
Atoms are always vibrating
The hotter substances the more the atoms vibrate.
The cooler the substance the less the atoms vibrate.

5. What is happening on an atomic scale?
Removing or adding heat causes the motion of atoms to change.
The hotter substance the more the atoms move.
The colder the substance the less the atoms move.

6. The 3 States of Matter Activity
Add 100mL of water to your beaker
Drop the chunk into the water
Observe the reaction and find the 3 states of matter.
Write 1 sentence to describe each state of matter in your beaker

7. On an Atomic Scale: Solids
The molecules/atoms in a solid are bonded together and cannot change their position.
This allows a solid to maintain its shape without a container.

8. On an Atomic Scale: Liquids
The liquid bonds are strong enough to hold the molecule/atoms together but weak enough that they can slide along the surface of neighboring atoms
Liquids have no shape and can only maintain the shape of their container.

9. On an Atomic Scale: Gases
Although the bonds that hold the molecules of gas together are strong, the bonds that hold them next to each other are very weak.
The bonds that hold the molecules together are too weak to hold them next to each other, allowing gas molecules to drift apart randomly.

10. What are the Driving Force of all Changes of matter?
Energy
Adding Energy breaks bonds
Adding Energy speeds the motion of molecules

11. Plasma, the Fourth State of Matter
The bonds that held gas molecules together are broken and even the electrons surrounding the nucleus of atoms are broken free
Positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons zooming about in random patterns

12. Characteristics of Plasma
The most abundant form of matter in the universe
Behaves like a gas, BUT…
An overall neutral state of matter
Components are charged ions (positive and negative)

13. Naturally occurring Plasma

14. Man-made Plasma Energy is added to a system
Molecules are broken apart into their individual atoms
Electrons are stripped from their nuclei
Used for lighting, precision cutting, nuclear research and fusion power

15. So What’s the difference between a gas and plasma?
Gas is electrically neutral throughout and is used as an electrical insulator
Plasma is electrically charged and used as a conductor of electricity