1. Composition and Functions
Blood
Composition and Functions

2. Composition of Blood 55% plasma nonliving fluid matrix
45% erythrocytes
RBC = red blood cell
Remainder 1%
leukocytes
WBC = white blood cell
platelets
cell fragments
function in blood clotting

3. Blood is sticky, opaque, and salty.
bright to dark red
5x more viscous than water
pH 7.35 to 7.45
slightly alkaline
8% of body weight
males 5-6L and females 4-5L
connective tissue
because of its substance
distribution functions

4. Functions of Blood

5. Distribution Functions
Transports O2 from lungs to all body cells
Transports nutrients
Transport metabolic wastes from cells to kidneys or lungs
Transport hormones
Maintains body temperature
- absorb and distribute heat

6. Protective Functions maintain normal pH maintain adequate fluid volume
prevent blood loss
prevent infection

7. Hematopoiesis

9. Blood Formation called hematopoiesis occurs mainly in red bone marrow
flat and lg. long bones
cell numbers increase in response to need
all derive from stem cells called hemocytoblasts
maturation differs according to cell type
note degeneration of nuclei in RBC
After degeneration, nucleus is ejected and space where it was collapses to form concave region.

10. Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cells

11. O2 transportation due to hemoglobin

13. mature cells lack a nucleus
shape is biconcave which allows greatest surface area to volume
flexible so can fit through smallest capillaries

14. RBC : WBC
800 : 1

15. RBC formation triggered by:
hemorrhage which decreases the number of RBC
decreased availability of O2
ex. high altitudes or pneumonia
increased tissue demand for O2
ex. aerobic exercise

17. iron and B vitamins are needed for hemoglobin synthesis

18. RBC life span days
broken down by phagocytes in spleen
hemoglobin is broken down to bilirubin
iron is saved, rest secreted in bile

20. Reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood
Anemia

22. Symptoms: Fatigue Pale Shortness of breath Chills Know these Headache
Cold hands or feet
Pale or yellow skin
Chest pain
Weakness
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Fast or irregular heartbeat
Pounding or "whooshing" in your ears

23. Common causes: not enough RBC’s due to:
Hemorrhage
damage due to parasites
Infections
decrease hemoglobin due to lack of iron in diet
abnormal hemoglobin formation
sickle cell etc...

24. Anemia: Abnormal Hemoglobin

25. Genetics of Sickle Cell Anemia25