1. Basics of Electricity
Module 13 – 16’

2. Your career will rely heavily on the use electricity
Know what electricity is
How it works

3. Understand Electricity
Understanding electricity will help to properly use care for appliances
Electricity & its use impacts different aspects of salon environment
Lighting
Temperature of styling irons

4. Electricity Is a form of energy that when in motion exhibits
Magnetic
Chemical
Thermal
It is a flow of electrons which are negatively charged particles that swirl around atoms like a swarm of bees

5. Electrical current – is the flow electricity along a conductor
Conductor – is any substance that easily transmits electricity
Metals
Copper
Water

6. Insulator – or nonconductor – is a substance that does not easily transmit electricity
Rubber
Silk
Wood
Glass
Cement

7. Complete circuit – is the path of an electrical current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source
Figure 13 – 1 page 275
Did You Know - page 275

8. Types of Electrical Current
Direct Current –
Is a constant even- flowing current that travels in one direction
Inverter – is an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current
Car converters

9. Alternating current – is a rapid and interrupted current – flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction
Rectifier – is an apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current
Cordless electric clippers
Clippers and battery chargers
Table 13 – 1 page 276
Did You Know – page 276

10. Electrical Measurements
Water flowing through a hose
Volt – or voltage – is the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor
Without pressure electrons wouldn’t flow
Figure 13 – 2 , Figure 13 – 3 – page 276

11. Wire must expand like a hose
Amp – or ampere – is the unit that measures the amount of electric current (the number of electrons flowing through a conductor)
Wire must expand like a hose
Milliampere – is one-thousandth of an ampere
Ampere is too strong for the body

12. Ohm – is a unit that measures the resistance of an electric current
Current will not flow through a conductor without the force (volts) being stronger than the resistance flow (ohms)

13. Watt – is a measurement of how much electric energy is being used in 1 second
Kilowatt – is 1,000 watts
Caution Box - Page 277

14. Practice Electrical Equipment Safety
Your safety
Client safety
Equipment inspected regularly – safe working order

15. Safety Devices
Fuse –
Special device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit
Blow out or melt when wire becomes too hot from overloading too much current
To re-establish –
Disconnect appliance
Check all connections & insulation
Insert new fuse

16. Circuit breaker – Figure 13 – 4,13-5 - page 278
Switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload
Hit re-set button
Hair dryer – on electric plug
Figure 13 – 4, page 278

17. Grounding –
All electrical appliances must have at least 2 electrical connections
“live” connection supplies current
The ground connection completes the circuit and carries the current safely to the ground
Third – circular electrical connection provides an additional ground
Appliances with a third circular \ground give the most protection

18. Guidelines for Safe Use of Electrical Equipment
PP 279
Caution boxes on PP 280
Figure 13 – 6 – page - 278
Figure 13 – 7, Figure 13 – 8, Figure page 279

19. Electrotherapy
Wall plate – facial stimulator – an instrument that plugs into a wall outlet and produces different types of electrical currents – used for facials and scalp treatments
Modalities – various electrical currents
Electrode – an applicator for directing the electric current from the machine to client’s skin

20. Polarity – Polarity Anode – Cathode – Figure 13 – 10 page 280
Galvanic current –
Caution Boxes– page 280
Did You Know – page 280
Table – 13-2 – page 281

21. Active Electrode - Electrode used on the area to be treated
Inactive Electrode – opposite pole from active electrode
Iontophoresis – process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric equipment

22. Cataphoresis – Infuses an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole
Anaphoresis – infuses an alkaline (negative) product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole

23. Disincrustation – a form of anaphoresis and is a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles
Caution Boxes – page 281
Did you Know – page 281

24. Microcurrent – extremely low level of electricity and mirrors body’s natural electrical impulses
Iontophoresis –
Firming
Toning
Soothing skin
Heal inflamed tissue (acnes)
Negative & positive poles in one electrode

25. Microcurrent does not travel through body
Treats areas used on only
Benefits/effectiveness – page 281
Figure 13 – 11 page 281

26. Tesla high-frequency current –
Effects
Benefits
Figure 13 – 12 page 282
State Regulatory Alert – page 282
Caution box - 282

27. Identify Other Electrical Equipment
Conventional Hood Hair Dryers – heat lamps –
Used to shorten chemical processing time
Dry
Holes in processing cap
Ionic Hair Dryers
Electric Curling Iron and Flat Irons –
Heating Caps

28. Hair Color Processing Machines –
Accelerating Machines
Shorten time it takes to process
Steamer or Vaporizer Machine
Produces moist uniform heat
Light Therapy
Did You Know? – page 283

29. Explain Light Energy and Light Therapy
Visible light is electromagnetic radiation that we can see
“radiant energy”
Carries energy through space on waves
Wavelength successive peaks
Long wavelengths – Low frequency – number of waves is less within a given length
Short wavelengths – high frequency – more waves within a given distance

30. Figure – 13 – 13 – page 283
Electromagnetic spectrum – entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (radiant energy)
Visible light is the part we can see - Makes up 35% of natural sunlight
Invisible light – wavelengths are beyond the visible spectrum of light – 65% of natural sunlight

31. Ultraviolet Light 5% of natural sunlight Cold rays actinic rays
Shorter wavelengths
Least penetrating
Produces less heat than visible light
Produce chemical effects and kill germs
Prompts the skin to produce vitamin “D”

32. Overexposure – premature aging and skin cancer UV radiation from
Sun
Sun lamps
Tanning beds
30” – 36” away

33. Sunlight and artificial light can start polymerization in containers
Heat-curing monomers – may also cause polymerization in the container

34. Infrared rays – 60% of natural sunlight
Deeper more penetrating rays
Produce more heat than visible light
Exposure time 5 minutes
30” inches away
NEVER leave client unattended

35. Light Versus Heat Energy
Catalysis – used to make reactions happen more quickly
Use heat as an energy source while others use light
Absorb energy like a battery

36. Light Therapy – Phototherapy
Lasers
Photothermolysis
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
State Regulatory Alert – page 287
Table 13 – 4 page 287

37. Intense Pulse Light
Did You Know? – page 288
Web Resources - page 288

38. Visible Light
Visible light rays – primary source of light used in facials and scalp treatments
White light – “combination light” - combination of all visible rays of the spectrum

39. Blue light – used on bare oily skin
Few heat rays
Least penetrating
Germicidal and chemical benefits
Red light –
Used on dry skin
Oils and crèmes
Deepest penetration
Produces moist heat