1. Water and the Properties of Liquids
Chapter 13

2. Physical States and Changes
Evaporation: particles having enough kinetic energy to break away from the liquid to become a gas
Sublimation: change of state from solid directly to a liquid

3. Vapor Pressure Condensation: When a gas returns to a liquid.
Surface Tension: resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area
Capillary action: spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube

4. Hydrates
Hydrate: solids that contain water in their crystalline structure
Anhydrous: lack of water or without water
Hygroscopic: anhydrous substances and other substances that readily absorb water out of the atmosphere

5. Meniscus
Meniscus concave shape of water’s meniscus show the adhesive forces between glass and water are stronger than the cohesive forces in the water

6. Boiling Point
Boiling Point is the temperature at which vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure above the liquid
Freezing Point: temperature at which the solid phase of a substance is in equilibrium with its liquid phase

7. Structure of water
Water has hydrogen bonding which is a force between molecules that attracts the molecules to each other. The stronger this force the higher the boiling point.