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CHAPTER 8 REGIONAL SOCIETIES

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Presentation on theme: "CHAPTER 8 REGIONAL SOCIETIES"— Presentation transcript:

1 CHAPTER 8 REGIONAL SOCIETIES
The American Nation 3/31/2017 CHAPTER 8 REGIONAL SOCIETIES Section 1: The North and the Midwest Section 2: The Cotton Kingdom Section 3: The Slave System CHAPTER 8--REGIONAL SOCIETIES

2 Objectives: Section 1: The North and the Midwest
What were the differences between the lifestyles of wealthy, poor, and middle-class families? What innovations transformed industrial and farm production and domestic life in the early 1800s? What were the major issues concerning trade unions, and what actions did unions take in the early to mid-1800s? What groups immigrated to the United States in the mid-1800s, and how did some Americans respond to this immigration? How did life in the Midwest change in the early 1800s?

3 Wealthy families Section 1: The North and the Midwest
headed by bankers, manufacturers, and merchants lavish homes; often concerned about social status

4 Middle-class families
Section 1: The North and the Midwest Middle-class families headed by lawyers, artisans, ministers, and shopkeepers modest homes; emphasized education

5 Poor families Section 1: The North and the Midwest
small apartments, attics, or cellars high levels of crime and disease

6 Innovations Section 1: The North and the Midwest
The factory system allowed all aspects of manufacturing to take place under one roof. Power looms enabled factory production of cloth. Lighter, stronger plows required less strength to operate. The mechanical reaper allowed greater harvests in less time. Sewing machines saved labor in the home.

7 Issues of trade unions Section 1: The North and the Midwest
rising working hours increased production demands child labor poverty of workers safety standards

8 Actions of unions Section 1: The North and the Midwest went on strike
organized political associations pushed for reforms

9 Immigrants in the mid-1800s
Section 1: The North and the Midwest Immigrants in the mid-1800s many Irish many Germans many Roman Catholics

10 Nativist response Section 1: The North and the Midwest
favoritism toward native-born desire to restrict immigrants’ voting and political rights creation of nativist organizations anti-Catholic riots violence against the foreign-born

11 Life in the Midwest Section 1: The North and the Midwest
increased demand for crops increasing crop specialization new agricultural technology shift from home-produced goods to store-bought goods

12 Objectives: Section 2: The Cotton Kingdom
What were the major elements of the southern economy? How did planters differ from yeoman farmers and poor white farmers? What cultural traits did white southerners of different classes share? What was life like for most free African Americans in the South?

13 Elements of the southern economy
Section 2: The Cotton Kingdom Elements of the southern economy high-demand agricultural goods such as cotton, corn, and tobacco slave labor manufacturing of bricks, textiles, and tobacco products good ports few factory workers insufficient taxes to pay for improvements little purchasing power in the hands of the majority

14 Planters Section 2: The Cotton Kingdom
large, sometimes elaborate houses 20 or more slaves

15 Yeoman farmers Section 2: The Cotton Kingdom in the majority
small, modest homes grew own food

16 Poor whites Section 2: The Cotton Kingdom lived on unproductive land
struggled to provide for themselves

17 Cultural traits of white southerners
Section 2: The Cotton Kingdom Cultural traits of white southerners diet included corn, pork, and coffee similar housing music, stories, arts and crafts influenced by British and African heritage common religion interpreted to support slavery

18 Life for free African Americans
Section 2: The Cotton Kingdom Life for free African Americans usually required to register with local authorities required to carry identification passes not allowed to vote not allowed to hold meetings not allowed to bear weapons not allowed to testify in court against whites

19 Objectives: Section 3: The Slave System
How did critics and supporters of slavery explain their positions? What were the living conditions of enslaved African Americans like? What was the cultural life of slaves like? What types of resistance did slaves practice?

20 Arguments against slavery
Section 3: The Slave System Arguments against slavery contradicted the values of freedom and liberty less profitable than basing economy on wage labor

21 Arguments for slavery Section 3: The Slave System
only way to provide an adequate supply of labor slaves provided with adequate food and clothing slaves cared for in old age

22 Living conditions of slaves
Section 3: The Slave System Living conditions of slaves poor housing limited food violent punishments threats of being sold families divided

23 Cultural life of slaves
Section 3: The Slave System Cultural life of slaves struggle to maintain family ties not allowed to learn to read, so became skilled storytellers animal tales used to veil discussion of owners African heritage reflected in rhythms and communal singing in music woodcarvings, pottery, woven baskets as folk art religion a blend of Christian elements and traditional African beliefs

24 Resistance of slaves Section 3: The Slave System revolts
work shutdowns and slowdowns running away

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