1. Basic Chemistry and Water
Macromolecules #1
Basic Chemistry and Water

2. Basic Chemistry Atoms: basic unit of matter Positively charged
Neutral charge
Protons and neutrons location
Negatively charged
Located in ‘cloud’

3. Matter
Element – pure substance of one type of atom

4. Matter
Compounds – two or more elements chemically combined (bonded)

5. How does the structure of water contribute to its unique properties?

6. Polarity
Definition: uneven distribution of electrons around a molecule (causes it to have different charges on different sides of the molecule)
Electrons are attracted to ‘O’ more than ‘H’ creating charged parts of the molecule
Bond – represents sharing an electron

7. Hydrogen Bonds (created because of polarity)
positively charged hydrogen atoms of one water molecule are attracted to the negatively charged oxygen of the next water molecule
Creates properties of water

8. An individual H bond is weak, but collectively they cause water to have many special properties

9. Properties of water Heat Capacity:
Definition: amount of heat that water can absorb  hence high boiling point
Explains:
Humans ability to regulate internal body temperature
Why species can live in a body of water for all seasons

10. Properties of water Cohesion
Definition: attraction between molecules of the same substance
Explains:
Bead formation of water on surfaces
Surface tension

11. Properties of water Adhesion
Definition: attraction between molecules of different types
Explains:
Meniscus
Capillary action
Transpiration

12. How does water polarity influence its properties as a solvent?
Solutions
How does water polarity influence its properties as a solvent?

13. Solutions –
Definition: Evenly distributed mixture where one substance is dissolved in another
Solute – thing that gets dissolved (salt)
Solvent – thing that does the dissolving (water)

14. Acid and Bases pH – measure of acidity and alkalinity (basicity)
Dissociation of water
pH – measure of acidity and alkalinity (basicity)