1. Skeletal System Study Guide

2. 1) The Skeletal System Functions
Main Functions of the Skeletal System
Protection (ex: skull/vertebral column)
Movement (Leverage/force of motion)
Support (ex: femur supports upper body)
4 Storage of minerals (calcium) and lipids (yellow marrow)
Blood cell production (in red bone marrow)

3. 2) Classification of Bones
Long bones
Flat bones *RIB & SKULL Bones
Sutural bones
Irregular bones
Short bones
Sesamoid bones

4. 3) Two Divisions of the Skeletal System
Axial
Total Bones: 80
Includes the longitudinal axis of the body
Skull (29 Bones)
Vertebral Column (26 Bones)
Bony Thorax (25 Bones)
Appendicular
Total Bones: 126
Upper Limbs (60 Bones)
Lower Limbs (60 Bones)
Pectoral Girdle (4 Bones)
Pelvic Girdle (2 Bones)

5. 4) Total Bones in Skeletal System
Axial
Total Bones: 80
Includes the longitudinal axis of the body
Skull (29 Bones)
Vertebral Column (26 Bones)
Bony Thorax (25 Bones)
Appendicular
Total Bones: 126
Upper Limbs (60 Bones)
Lower Limbs (60 Bones)
Pectoral Girdle (4 Bones)
Pelvic Girdle (2 Bones)
GRAND TOTAL: 206

6. 5) Long Bone Structure Diaphysis - the shaft
Epiphysis - wide part at each end of bones

7. 6) Long Bone Structure Diaphysis -compact bone Epiphysis -spongy bone
At ends of bones there is articular cartilage, which is hyaline cartilage

8. 7) Long Bone Structure
Ossification is bone formation Epiphyseal Plate: where bone is actively growing Babies have more cartilage than bone. Babies have more bones than adults because as they grow up, some of the bones fuse together to form one bone.

9. 8) Only movable bone of skull
The mandible is the only freely movable bone of the skull.

10. 9) Axial skeleton Axial Includes the longitudinal axis of the body
Skull
Vertebral Column
Thorax

11. 10) Bones of thoracic cage
Ribs (both true & false ribs)
Sternum

12. 11) Bones of pectoral girdle
Clavicle
Scapula

13. 12) Types of RIBS
TRUE RIBS  1-7 Are attached to the sternum by cartilage FALSE RIBS  Attached indirectly to sternum by cartilage or not at all

14. 13) Sacrum Sacrum is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton
Sacrum is part of the axial skeleton

15. 14) Lateral forearm bone
The RADIUS is “rad” and is on the thumb side – LATERAL in anatomical position

16. 15) Phalanges of hand
There are 14 phalanges in the hand.

17. 16) Bone that articulates with coxal bone of pelvic girdle
The head of the FEMUR articulates with the coxal bone.

18. 17) Fractures
A fracture is any break in a bone.

19. 18) Scoliosis
Scoliosis – lateral curvature in lumbar region of vertebral column.