1. Unit 1 Ancient World: Civilizations and Religions 4,000 B.C.- A.D.500
Global History II Review

2. Early Peoples and River Civilizations
Hunters and Gatherers
People who moved place to place in search of food
Neolithic Revolution
Development of Agriculture
Planted crops and domestication of animals
Settlement in villages
New Technology
Calendars, plows, wheel, metal weapons/ tools

3. Early Peoples and River Civilizations
The Rise of Civilization
First civilizations developed in river valleys
Characteristics
Cities Art and Architecture
Central Governments Transportation systems
Traditional Economy System of writing
Organized Religion Specialized workers
Social class system

4. Early Peoples and River Civilizations
Egypt
Nile River valley
Polytheistic religion (belief in many gods)
Process of mummification
Medical advancements
Mesopotamia (Iraq)
Fertile Crescent (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)
Polytheistic religion
Cuneiform- wedge-shaped form of writing
Code of Hammurabi- system of laws (eye for an eye)

5. Early Peoples and River Civilizations
Indus River Valley (India)
Monsoons
Winds bring heavy rain to the region
Planned cities
Plumbing with baths and sewers
China
Yellow and Yangtze Rivers
Middle Kingdom- “Center of the Earth”
Dynasty- Ruling families
Migration
Bantu Migration- movement of people across Africa

6. Classical Civilizations
China (1027 B.C. - A.D. 220)
Mandate of Heaven- divine right to rule
Dynastic Cycle
Dynasties lose their mandate and are replaced
Contributions
Astronomy
Silk
The Great Wall of China
Civil Service Examinations

7. Classical Civilizations
Greece (1750 B.C B.C.)
Mountains and islands gave rise to city-states
Polis is city and surrounding area (Government)
Philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)
Sparta / Athens
Military state / Education and Democracy
Alexander the Great
Hellenistic Culture (Blend of Indian, Persian, Greek, and Egyptian)
Achievements in Philosophy, Literature, Art, Architecture, Science and Mathematics

8. Classical Civilizations
Rome (509 B.C. – A.D. 476)
Located on a peninsula in the Mediterranean
Republic form of government (Senate)
Roman Empire conquered much of the Mediterranean region
Contributions:
System of Law (Twelve Tables)
Arch
Dome
Aqueducts

9. Classical Civilizations
India (1500 B.C. – 185 B.C.)
Mauryan Empire
Organized government bureaucracy
Asoka- Religious toleration
Trade Routes
Mediterranean trade expanded
India traded goods with Rome
Silk Road- trade from China to Rome
Pax Romana (Roman Peace- trade)

10. Rise and Fall of Empires
Han Empire
Strong government and profitable trade
Civil Service System
Development of Silk Road
Fell due to economic, political, and military problems

11. Rise and Fall of Empires
Roman Empire
Strong military power
Strong Emperors stabilized government
Economic expansion and trade
Fell due to outside and internal problems

12. Belief Systems Animism (Africa) Belief spirits are found in nature
Every living and nonliving thing has a spirit
Similar to Shinto (Shintoism) from Japan

13. Belief Systems Hinduism (India) Buddhism (India and China)
Brahman is the universal spirit
Reincarnation is rebirth of the soul
Karma and Dharma are duties in life
Caste System places people in society
Buddhism (India and China)
Founded by Buddha
Four Noble Truths is overcoming desires
Eightfold Path involves Nirvana (salvation)
Like Hinduism: Reincarnation, karma, & dharma

14. Belief Systems Confucianism (China) Taoism (China)
Based on teachings of Confucius
Relationships between superior and inferior
Duties in life depend on relationship
Taoism (China)
Sought harmony with nature
Balance between the yin and yang

15. Belief Systems Judaism (Middle East)
Monotheistic religion founded by Abraham
Hebrews believe they are God’s chosen people
Ten Commandments provided moral laws
Strong influence on Christianity and Islam

16. Belief Systems Christianity (Middle East)
Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah (savior)
Jesus was seen as a threat and was crucified
Teachings are similar to Judaism (Ten Com.)
Christians believe salvation comes through following Jesus’ teachings

17. Belief Systems Islam (Middle East) Founded by Muhammad in 622
Hijra was Muhammad’s journey to Mecca
Muslims are followers of Islam (Monotheistic)
Five Pillars of Islam
Faith in one God, daily prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca
Sharia: Islamic laws guiding aspects of life