1. Weekly Plan 11/13 to 11/17
Mon – 3.11 Karyotypes and 3.12 DNA Fingerprinting Tues– Quiz #9 – Sex-Linked Traits, Mutations, Gene Regulation, Karyotypes, and DNA Fingerprinting Wed –Take Home Quiz Unit 3 Thurs – Field Trip Fri – Unit 3 Exam MC
Tutorials on Tuesday: Review Unit 3 Exam
Tutorial on Thursday: Review Unit 3 Exam and reassessment
3 mins

2. Do First: Pass back Quiz #8 No questions today
5 mins
Do First: Pass back Quiz #8 No questions today
Take a look at your Quiz #8.
Take a moment to go over the answers your missed.
Please raise your hand if you have an questions.

3. Karyotype
Karyotype - the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species

4. Homologous Chromosomes
Chromosome pairs of the same length and with genes or the same characteristic at corresponding locations.
One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism’s mother the other from the organism’s father

5. Autosomal Chromosomes
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
What would be the two examples of sex chromosomes?
Sex-Chromosome – Chromosomes that determine the sex

6. All organisms have a NORMAL number of chromosomes (packaged/organized DNA)
Humans have 46 chromosomes
23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes
1 pair of sex chromosome

7. Human Karyotype: Looking at chromosomes!
2 types of chromosomes:
Autosomes: non-sex/ normal chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes: determine the sex of the individual

8. Nondisjunction When chromosomes do not separate 
Results in the wrong number of chromosomes
Monosomy – one chromosome instead of two
2. Trisomy – three chromosomes instead of two

9. Example of Trisomy
Down Syndrome: Individuals born with an extra chromosome #21
Symptoms: Reduced intellectual capacity, facial differences

10. Homologous Chromosomes

11. Independent Practice 7 mins
Answer the questions on Chromosomes and Karyotypes.
Work must be done silently and independently.
No Talking.
If you have a question or request raise a silent hand and be patient.
If the class is too loud I will assign homework.
For independent practice, today we will be working silently and independently for 7 minutes.
7 mins

16. DNA Fingerprinting - Gel Electrophoresis
Using DNA to determine who committed a crime or in paternity tests

17. DNA Fingerprinting: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
A technique for copying a piece of DNA a billion-fold.
Cut DNA into smaller pieces with restriction enzymes.
Patterns vary greatly from person to person.
As a result, the sizes of DNA fragments differ greatly between people

18. DNA Fingerprinting: Step 3
Gel Electrophoresis:
Use gel electrophoresis to separate DNA pieces by size
Using a type of gel called agarose, DNA fragments are pulled by an electric current
DNA (negative charge) migrates to the bottom of the gel (positively charged)
Smaller pieces of DNA move faster through the gel than larger pieces
These DNA pieces create a distinctive pattern in the gel called a DNA fingerprint.

21. Group Practice 7 mins Answer the questions below and work together.
Work must be done with people at your table only.
Use a level 2 volume.
If you have a question or request raise a silent hand and be patient.
If the class is too loud I will assign homework.
For independent practice, today we will be working silently and independently for 7 minutes.
7 mins

22. Key Points DNA Fingerprinting has 3 steps
1. PCR: Make more copies of the DNA
2. Cut DNA into smaller pieces with restriction enzymes
3. Use gel electrophoresis to separate DNA pieces by size

23. Key Points: Write ‘em down 
DNA is packaged into chromosomes
Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (46 total)
Nondisjunction is when chromosomes do not separate into new cells correctly
We can look at karyotypes to identify chromosome mutations, including a trisomy or monosomy