1. Unit 2 What we learned about: Population and How We Measure It Culture
Culture Hearths
Levels & Types of Government
Economic Systems
The Birth of Civilization
World Trade and Resources

2. Levels & Kinds of Government

3. Levels of Government Where is the power? A unitary system:
Where = ONE spot
All key powers are in the national government
A federal system:
Where = MANY spots
Divides power between the national government and state/provincial governments
Each level has certain powers that the other does not have
The United States is a good example

4. Different Types of Governments
Who has the power/final say?

5. Types of Government Autocracy Power is with one person
Specific kinds of autocracies:
Totalitarian dictatorship: leader controls all parts of economic and social life
Monarchy: king or queen exercises power
Absolute monarchs: have complete control (Saudi Arabia)
Constitutional monarchies: mix of autocracy and democracy (United Kingdom, Sweden, Jordan)

6. Types of Government Oligarchy Power is with a small group of people
Usually powerful because of wealth, social position, military power

7. Types of Government Democracy Power is with many people
Two kinds of democracy:
Direct democracy: everyone votes on every decision the government makes
Republic: citizens elect representatives to make the decisions for them; citizens can vote out those who make decisions if they disagree

8. Government Levels Unitary Federal Types Autocracy
Totalitarian Dictatorship
Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
Oligarchy
Democracy
Republic
Direct Democracy

9. Economic Systems

10. What is an economic system?
Economy: how the goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed
Three basic decisions
What and how many goods to produce
How they should be produced
Who gets the goods and services

11. Traditional Economy
Economic decisions are made by custom and tradition
Often in small, indigenous societies
Very few today

12. Market Economy
CHOICE
Individuals and private groups choose what to produce
People choose what to buy
Based on free enterprise – the idea that people can own property and businesses and profit without any intervention of the government

13. Mixed Economy
There is no country in the world that has a true free enterprise system.
U.S. and other capitalist societies are mixed economies
Government supports and regulates enterprise
Government works to keep the free enterprise fair
Protect citizens when a market economy would hurt them.

14. Command Economy
Government owns or directs the means of production (factories)
Since the government owns it, in theory everyone owns it
Government controls how and what is produced
Two kinds: socialism and communism

15. Communism
In theory, government strictly controls all parts of society to create social equality
Consumers are often limited in choices and mistakes are made
Think of the Soviet chandeliers…

16. Socialism Allows more free enterprise
Desires an equitable distribution of wealth
Public ownership of most important industries
Society’s control over decisions of public goods