1. Figures used in the Modelling and Linking Guide (MLG)
Michel Böhms
8. June 2017

4. Enrichment & Conversion
1. Introduction
2. Data Modelling
3. Modeling
Guide
4. Linking
Guide
5. Implementation
6. Try it Yourself
Motivation
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Context & Scope
ISO STEP
First Principles
Enrichment & Conversion
Formats & Access
Editing & Publishing
Software
Benefits in Use Cases
W3C LD/SW
Guidelines
Translation
Versioning
Deployment
Software

5. AS-IS TO-BE (proposed)
Static
Extended
Linked
AIM
Relevance
EXTERNAL “Linking”
bSDD ==
AIM
Relevance
GIS
bSI
Boundary
Extension
ontologies
MVD+
bSDD SE
MVD
IFC + Psets
bSI
Boundary
IFC +
Psets
ifcOWL
IoT
Modelling
Modelling
Technology
Technology
ISO
STEP
ISO
STEP
W3C
Linked Data /
Semantic Web
(RDF/RDFS/OWL/
SPARQL)
ISO /
API
ISO /
API
Option 1
Option 2

6. bSI being just one puzzle piece in the total AIM Landscape!
IoT
bSI
Company OTL
(e.g. RWS-OTL)
OGC
National Standard
(e.g. COINS in NL)
ISO/CEN

7. Secondary scope Primary Limited Scope
Meta
Data
Object
Representation
Content
Secondary
scope
Primary
Limited
Scope
Style
Format
Access

8. IFC, bSDD, InfraGML, QUDT, SKOS, DC, BOT, SEAS, ICE, EO, …
Level
Semantics
International
IFC, bSDD, InfraGML, QUDT, SKOS, DC, BOT, SEAS, ICE, EO, …
European
EU Road OTL, Inspire, …
National
(Country-specific)
COINS (NL), BSAB (SE), OKSTRA (DE), Inframodel (FI), ADD (UK), …
Organization-specific
RWS-OTL (NL), …
Project-specific
RWS-SAA-OTL (NL), …
Powered by LD/SW

10. Asset Life-Cycle, essential views
AsRequired – what is needed (client)/allowed (regulation)?
AsProposed – what is possible/proposed/offered?
AsBuilt – what is actually constructed/deconstructed?
Two Management views: for Asset (network) itself and for Asset (network) Usage

11. Including Asset Information Management (AIM) ASSET OPERATION ⑧ ⑨
ASSET MANAGEMENT (AM)
Including Asset Information Management (AIM)
ASSET OPERATION
MANAGEMENT
provenance
REALIZEa / REPURPOSE / RENOVATEb / MAINTAIN ASSET
OPERATEf
ASSET
PROGRAMc
DESIGNd
BUILDe
AsRequired
AsProposed
AsBuilt ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦
Synonyms
a Develop, Make
b Refurbish, Retrofit
c Specify, Plan, Incept
d Engineer
e Construct, Make, Realize
f Use, Utilize, Exploit
Maintain : ReBuild only (same AsRequired & AsProposed)
Renovate : ReDesign + ReBuild (same AsRequired)
Repurpose : ReProgram + ReDesign + ReBuild
- Demolish : Special case of Repurpose: ‘Stop Operation’ ⑩

12. Asset Supply-Chain Orthogonal to Life-Cycle dimension
Related to “Decomposition”
Network (Built Environment, Road Network, Rail Network, …)
Asset (Building, Road, Rail, Bridge, Tunnel, …)
System/SubSystem (SpatialSystem/Zone, PhysicalSystem/SignallingSystem, …)
Component (Space, Device, AshaltSlab, PrefabElement, …)
Material (Steel, Concrete, Asphalt, …)
Independent from Make or Buy decision
I.e. a Component can be a Product when bought

13. Program Design Build Manage & Operate Network Asset System/ SubSystem
Component
Material
Manage &
Life-Cycle
Supply-Chain
validation
time
verification

14. IFC4x1_RC3.ttl
Linking Rule Set (LRS)
XOntology.ttl
IFC4x1_RC3-Data.ttl
Linking Data Set
(LDS)
XData.ttl

15. App
SPARQL
SPARQL
IFC4x1_RC3.ttl
Linking Rule Set (LRS)
XOntology.ttl
IFC4x1_RC3-Data.ttl
Linking Data Set
(LDS)
XData.ttl

16. ACCESS FORMAT CONTENT LANGUAGE STRUCTURE DATA
Aspects
Levels
ACCESS
FORMAT
CONTENT
LANGUAGE
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE FORMAT
DATA
DATA FORMAT

17. ACCESS FORMAT CONTENT LANGUAGE STRUCTURE DATA
Aspects
Levels
ACCESS
FORMAT
CONTENT
LANGUAGE
N.A.
ISO : EXPRESS
STRUCTURE
ANY
SCHEMA
DATA
ISO : SDAI
ISO : SPFF
DATA SET
(‘STEP File’)

18. Internet Linked Data (LD) World Wide Web (WWW) Semantic Web (SW)
Ontology/OTL
Semantic Web (SW)
Linked Data (LD)
World Wide Web (WWW)
Internet
Linked
Knowledge
Linked
Data
Semantic
Level
Linked
Documents
Linked
Computers

19. ACCESS FORMAT CONTENT LANGUAGE STRUCTURE DATA
Aspects
Levels
ACCESS
FORMAT
CONTENT
LANGUAGE
SPARQL
RDF Format
Turtle,
RDF/XML,
N-Triples, or
JSON-LD
OWL
RDFS
RDF
STRUCTURE
ANY
ONTOLOGY
DATA
DATA SET

22. KnowledgeBase (KB) = Theory = SET of axioms
DL Logic as Fragment of First Order predicate Logic (FOL)
KnowledgeBase (KB) = Theory = SET of axioms
TBoxes
==Concept axioms
RBoxes
==Role axioms
OWL
Classes
OWL
Properties
ABoxes
==Individual axioms
OWL2-DL =essentially= DL Logic SROIQ
(most expressive, still decidable)
OWL
Individuals
SROIQ
Signature (KB) = The set of all Concept names, Role names & Individual names

23. LRS
1 < > 2 or
1 > 2
LRS: Linking Rule Set
Using RDFS/OWL, and/or
Using e.g. SPIN Rules with SPARQL (construct) queries
Ontology
Using RDF/RDFS/OWL
import
import
Ontology 1
Ontology 2 … …
LDS
1< >2
rdf:type
rdf:type
LDS: Linking Data Set
Using e.g. owl:sameAs
Dataset
Using RDF/RDFS
Dataset 1
Dataset 2

24. Ontology
Linking Rule Set (LRS)
Basic
RDF/RDFS/OWL2
== Alignment Ontology (AO)
RDFS/OWL SUBSET:
rdfs:subClassOf (unidirectional)
rdfs:subPropertyOf (unidirectional)
owl:equivalentClass (bidirectional)
owl:equivalentProperty (bidirectional)
owl:sameAs (bidirectional)
(for reference individuals)
Advanced
OWL2+
SPIN (constraint subset)
(incl. SPARQL Ask queries)
or SHACL, or otherwise
== Conversion Rule Set (CRS)
OWL+SPIN (unidirectional rule subset)
(SPIN including SPARQL Construct queries)

25. Schema S1
in EXPRESS
Knowledge
Translator
Ontology O1
in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax)
by ref/order
rdf:type
Dataset
SF1
in SPFF
Data
Translator
Dataset
TF1
in RDF
(Turtle syntax)
source/target
source/target

26. LRS LRS by ref/order rdf:type source/target source/target EXPRESS
(Meta)ONTOLOGY
in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax)
LRS
RDF/RDFS/OWL
(Meta)ONTOLOGY
in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax)
Schema S1
in EXPRESS
(Meta)Dataset
MTF1
in RDF (Turtle syntax)
(Meta)Dataset
MTF2
in RDF (Turtle syntax)
Ontology O1
in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax)
SPFF
(Meta)ONTOLOGY
in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax)
LRS
Turtle
(Meta)ONTOLOGY
in RDF/RDFS/OWL (Turtle syntax)
by ref/order
rdf:type
Dataset
SF1
in SPFF
(Meta)Dataset
TF1
in RDF (Turtle syntax)
(Meta)Dataset
TF1
in RDF (Turtle syntax)
Dataset
TF2
in RDF
(Turtle syntax)
source/target
source/target

27. x LRS IFC Ontology O1 in RDF/ RDFS/ OWL Knowledge Translator
Schema S1 in
EXPRESS
IFC
Ontology O1
in RDF/
RDFS/
OWL
Knowledge
Translator
IfcProxy
IfcPropertySet
IfcPropertySingleValue
IfcProxy
IfcPropertySet
IfcPropertySingleValue x
IFC Extension
Ontology
O1a (without MM)
in RDF
by ref/order
rdf:type
Promotor/
Demotor
rdf:type
Dataset
SF1 in
SPFF
Dataset
TF1 in
RDF
IFCExtension
Dataset
TF1x
in RDF
Data
Translator
IfcProxy
IfcPropertySet
IfcPropertySingleValue
MetaDataset
IfcProxy
IfcPropertySet
IfcPropertySingleValue
MetaDataset
LDS
source/target 1
source/target 2
source/target 2x
Promotor/
Demotor
Could also be LRS (SPIN) for each direction

29. ... ... and/or ONTOLOGY 1 Linked Data* DATA 1 Linking or Conversion/
ALIGNMENT
ONTOLOGY
(OWL)
and/or
RESTYLING/
CONVERSION
RULE SET
(OWL/SPIN/...)
ONTOLOGY 1
import
Linked Data*
DATA 1
ALIGNMENT
DataSet
(like owl:sameAS)
Linking or
Conversion/
Restyling
...
ONTOLOGY 2
DATA 2
SPFF
file
XML
file
Referencing or
Translation
...
Non-Linked Data
* Meaning: formatted according to a LD format like Turtle, RDF/XML, JSON-LD etc.

30. Korea: Road Model
China: Rail Model
France: Bridge Model
Future:
Tunnels
Airports
Ports
Powerlines

31. Client
SPIN
SPIN/SPARQL.1.1 Select/Ask/Construct SPARQL Query Templates (SPARQL in RDF)
SPIN Rules & Constraints + OWL/RDFS regimes
Top
SPIN
SPIN Filter/Property Functions & magic properties
Coded IFC property functions
or existing like
geoSPARQL
SPINx
JAVA PLUGIN
CODING
JavaScript
Java
Or other
PLugins like FME

32. Optional, not yet used