1. Treated
Untreated
Wheat Weed Control

2. Broadleaf Weeds
Great options exists, growers just need to be timely!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

3. Controlling Most GA Broadleaf Weed Infestations
1. Harmony fb 2,4-D
2. Express + MCPA or 2,4-D
Harmony + MCPA or 2,4-D
3. 2,4-D alone
4. Harmony Extra alone
Most effective program
Least effective program

4. Harmony Extra EP with TotalSol
Rate: 0.45 to 0.9 oz
Timing: 2-leaf until flag leaf visible
Adjuvant: 0.25% NIS in water
0.125% NIS in nitrogen
Weeds: Controls garlic and most broadleaf weeds
Mixes: 2,4-D or MCPA to improve cornflower, wild radish, and vetch
Rotations: No restrictions of concern
Grains: Wheat, barley, oats

5. 2,4-D
Rate: 1 to 1.25 pt/A
Timing: fully tillered wheat, before jointing
Adjuvant: none needed
Weeds: controls primrose and radish, weak on henbit, chickweed, and knawel
Mixes: Express or Harmony Extra for henit, chickweed and knawel
Rotations: No restrictions of concern
Grains: Wheat, barley, oats, rye

6. Express TotalSol + MCPA
Express rate: 0.25 to 0.5 oz
MCPA 4L rate: 8 to 12 fl oz
Timing: two tillers, before jointing
Adjuvant: 0.125% surfactant
Weeds: most broadleaf weeds
Rotations: No restrictions of concern
Grains: Wheat, barley, oats,

7. The Effect of Stage of Growth on Wild Radish Control in Wheat.
Herbicide
0-4 inches
4-8 inches
8-12 inches
Bolt/Flower
2,4-D
>95%2
>90%
>80%
<65%
MCPA
>95%
>70%
<55%
Harmony E.
>75%
50%
<40%
Express + MCPA
Osprey
80-90%
60-80%
<50%
PowerFlex
70-90%
<60%
1Wild radish size in diameter of leaf rosette.
2Percent control as compared to untreated areas.

8. IF YOU DON’T HAVE RESISTANCE
Ryegrass Control in Wheat
Numerous options:
Axial, Hoelon, Osprey, PowerFlex
ACY
IF YOU DON’T HAVE RESISTANCE
Again, our concern with Hoelon in much of NC, especially in the Piedmont, is resistance.

9. Numerous options: Ryegrass Control in Wheat
Axial and Hoelon have same mode of action
Osprey and PowerFlex have same mode of action
ACY
Again, our concern with Hoelon in much of NC, especially in the Piedmont, is resistance.

10. Proper Timing of POST Materials Timeliness is critical !!!
With normal planting date, generally
best to apply before Christmas
ACY
Timely application, i.e., small ryegrass, is important. In many cases where growers have complained about resistance to Hoelon, the problem has been resistance on the part of the grower to apply the herbicide timely. With wheat on a normal planting date, it is usually better to treat prior to Christmas. The weather is generally better, the ryegrass is smaller, and the ryegrass is growing more actively. All of these things contribute to better control.

11. Italian ryegrass control. Plains, 2008.
Planted wheat on Nov 7 and treated December 19 prior to tillering
ACY

12. Italian ryegrass control. Plains, 2010.
Planted wheat on Nov 17 and treated December 22 prior to tillering
ACY

13. Italian ryegrass control. Plains, 2010.
88 b
Planted wheat on Nov 17 and treated Jan 19, 2 tiller ryegrass
ACY

14. Hoelon at 2 pt/A on pre-tillering ryegrass is ideal!!!!!
Hoelon Rate for POST on Wheat
Ryegrass pt/acre
1- to 3 leaf
3- to 4-leaf to 2
5-leaf, 2 tillers to 2.67
These rates come straight off the Hoelon label. Note that one can save considerable money by timely application to smaller ryegrass.
Hoelon at 2 pt/A on pre-tillering ryegrass is ideal!!!!!

15. Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!
Axial XL (0.42 EC)
Rate: 16.4 fl oz
Timing: Ideally pre-tiller ryegrass
Weeds: ryegrass only
DO NOT CONFUSE THIS WITH AXIAL 0.83 EC as a different rate is needed…should be gone????
Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!

16. Osprey Rate: 4.75 oz/A Timing: Ideally pre-tiller ryegrass
Adjuvant: NIS at 0.5% v/v plus ammonium nitrogen fertilizer at 1-2 qt/A
Weeds: ryegrass, small radish,
henbit and chickweed at 1”
Rotation: 3 mo soybean or cotton
Do not apply within 14 d of topdressing
Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!

17. Italian ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by size. Avg
Italian ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by size. Avg. 5 locations, North Carolina. 63 78 89
Data in this slide show the effect of ryegrass size at time of Osprey application on the level of control obtained. The point is control decreases as the ryegrass becomes larger. This emphasizes the need for timely application.
ACY

18. Late-season ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by adjuvants. Avg
Late-season ryegrass control by Osprey as affected by adjuvants. Avg. six locations, NC, 93 63 30 96
ACY
The data here are NC results with adjuvants. Compared to no adjuvant (orange bar), a nonionic surfactant (blue bar) increased ryegrass control. However, MSO (red bar) was more effective than nonionic surfactant. Note, however, that adding UAN to NIS improved control (green bar), and control by Osprey plus NIS plus UAN was as good as control by Osprey plus MSO.

19. Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!
PowerFlex
Rate: 3.5 oz/A
Timing: Ideally pre-tiller ryegrass
Adjuvant: COC at 1% v/v
Weeds: ryegrass, radish
Rotation: soybean 5 mo, cotton 12 mo
Rotate modes of action, resistance is a huge issue!

20. YOU WANT TO KEEP GROWING WHEAT??????
NEVER TREAT THE SAME GROUND WITH OSPREY OR POWERFLEX 2 YEARS IN A ROW
NEVER TREAT THE SAME GROUND WITH HOELON OR AXIAL XL 2 YEARS IN A ROW
Ryegrass resistance will likely occur within 2 to 3 years if you do not follow these guidelines!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

21. GA Confirmed ALS-Resistant Palmer Sites
2010 Georgia counties confirmed with Hoelon/Osprey/PowerFlex resistant ryegrass.
GA Confirmed ALS-Resistant Palmer Sites

22. Annual Ryegrass Response to 4X Field Use Rates. Greenhouse. Tifton, GA
Control
% control
HISTORY: Hoelon till it stopped working then Osprey at least one time per year since available.

23. Prowl H20 Labeled For Wheat
Residual control/suppression of ryegrass
Must apply to wheat from 1st leaf stage until before flag leaf.
May mix with any currently labeled wheat herbicide.
Will help on resistance!!!!

24. Late-season ryegrass control with Prowl H20 applied POST to 1 leaf wheat. Plains, GA. 2007.*99 52
The data here are NC results with adjuvants. Compared to no adjuvant (orange bar), a nonionic surfactant (blue bar) increased ryegrass control. However, MSO (red bar) was more effective than nonionic surfactant. Note, however, that adding UAN to NIS improved control (green bar), and control by Osprey plus NIS plus UAN was as good as control by Osprey plus MSO.
*Prowl H pt/A

25. Late-season ryegrass control with Prowl H20 applied in mixture with Osprey or Hoelon. Plains, GA *
100 a
100 a
85 b
75 c
The data here are NC results with adjuvants. Compared to no adjuvant (orange bar), a nonionic surfactant (blue bar) increased ryegrass control. However, MSO (red bar) was more effective than nonionic surfactant. Note, however, that adding UAN to NIS improved control (green bar), and control by Osprey plus NIS plus UAN was as good as control by Osprey plus MSO.
*Prowl H pt/A; Hoelon 2 pt/A; Osprey4.75 oz + NIS and UAN.

26. Axiom Labeled For Wheat
Spike application to wheat (pray the ryegrass is not up before product is activated)
Generally 6 to 8 oz/A
Excellent broadleaf control
Ryegrass control is either good or very poor depending on when it emerges
Only option for some growers due to resistance
Injury can be significant if very heavy rains and cold conditions occur after application
Will help on resistance!!!!

27. Annual bluegrass Limited knowledge and limited research
Osprey and Axiom are good, PowerFlex????

28. Five tiller ryegrass and blooming radish.
How good is Beyond in Clearfield Wheat compared to other ALS options? Tifton, 2010.
91 a
74 b
68 a
65 a
55 c
0 b
Ryegrass
Wild Radish
Five tiller ryegrass and blooming radish.
Osprey 4.76 oz + NIS + UAN, PowerFlex 3.5 oz + COC, Beyond 6 oz + UAN + COC
ACY