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Digestive Disorders Stomach Disorders
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Empty Human Stomach ©http://i224. photobucket
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Stomach Structure The stomach is made up of 5 layers:
Mucosa: Inner most layer or lining Contains the glands responsible for the digestive enzymes that are secreted Most stomach cancers originate here We will go over the cells found here
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Submucosa: support layer for the mucosa
Muscle layer: Muscles in this layer provide a rippling motion that mixes and mashes food Subserosa: Support system for the outermost layer Serosa: Outer layer that covers the stomach and holds it in place
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Layers of the Stomach ©http://www. dkimages
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Cells of the Stomach Healthy cells that line the stomach consist of 4 types: Parietal cells: secrete stomach acid (HCl), aid in B12 absorption Chief cells: secrete pepsin (enzyme that aids in food digestion) Mucus cells: secretes mucus which aids in the protection of the stomach lining
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G Cells: Secrete the hormone gastrin
Gastrin: digestive hormone that regulates the production of stomach acid
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Histology of the Stomach ©http://media-2. web. britannica
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Normal Stomach Cells http://www. technion. ac
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Mucus Cells ©http://www.bweems.com/cch7hp.jpg
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Stomach Cancer May develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs Causes nearly 1 million deaths world-wide It is associated with diets high in sodium and low in fruits and vegetables Also associate more often with smokers
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Over 80% of gastric cancers are linked to the bacteria Helicobacter pylori
This bacteria is also associated with other digestive disorders
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H. Pylori ©http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._pylori
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Symptoms Discomfort in the stomach area
Feeling full or bloated after a small meal Nausea and vomiting Weight loss
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Diagnosis Upper GI: patient drinks a barium solution that appears white on x-rays Allows the stomach to be seen much easier Endoscopy: a lighted tube is sent down the digestive tract so the physician can see Biopsy
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Stomach Cancer ©http://www. brown
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Dyspepsia Pain in the upper or middle section of the stomach
Approximately 1 in 4 people develop dyspepsia at some point Usually caused by a stomach ulcer or acid reflux Usually treated with lifestyle changes and medication
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Acute Gastritis A group of conditions characterized by an inflammation of the stomach lining The stomach usually secretes a protective layer of mucus, however, it may become weakened
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Acute Gastritis Usually caused by a bacteria (H. pylori)
Traumatic injury or overuse of certain pain relievers (Advil, Motrin) may also contribute to the condition
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Chronic Gastritis Slower, progressive process in which the lining of the stomach is damaged
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Chronic Gastritis The stomach epithelium is columnar
When chronic gastritis occurs, the healthy cells are damaged
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Parietal cells and chief cells degenerate and are replaced by less specialized mucus cells (goblet cells) Inflammation occurs and there is a large number of white blood cells that appear
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These damaged cells result in deformed cells causing the stomach lining to look like the lining of the intestine It looks as if someone cut off the tops of the cells This is called intestinal metaplasia
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Chronic Gastritis with Intestinal Metaplasia ©http://images. google
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Intestinal Metaplasia with Presence of Goblet Cells ©http://esynopsis
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For Lab
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©http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://www. histol
© PYLORIC PART OF THE STOMACH Stained with haematoxylin and eosin 1 - tunica mucosa 2 - tunica submucosa 3 - tunica muscularis propria 5 - lamina propria of the mucosa (contains glands) 7 - gastric pits in the mucosa 8 - muscularis mucosae
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The previous image shows the mucosa (epithelium cells) and the submucosa (connective tissue also called lamina propria) The muscle cells are seen below this is region in the lab
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Goblet cells and WBC
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Arrowhead: normal epithilium Arrow: Goblet cell WBCs present
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Goblet Cells
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