Figure 19.1 Outline of entry of atmospheric nitrogen into the animal diet. PhotoDisc, Inc. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited.

Figure 19.1 Outline of entry of atmospheric nitrogen into the animal diet.
PhotoDisc, Inc. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure Metabolic fate of (a) nonessential amino acids; (b) essential amino acids plus cysteine and tyrosine. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19.3 Aminotransferase reaction.
Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19.4 Alanine aminotransferase reaction.

Figure 19.5 Transamination of valine.

Figure 19.6 Couple transamination reaction.

Figure 19.7 Pyridoxal phosphate.

Figure 19.8 Pyridoxal phosphate in aldimine linkage to protein lysine residue.

Figure 19.9 Different forms of pyridoxal phosphate during a transamination reaction.

Figure 19.10 Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent-reactions.

Figure 19.11 Glutamate dehydrogenase reaction

Figure 19.12 Role of glutamate in amino acid synthesis, degradation, and interconversion.

Figure 19.13 Allosteric regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase.

Figure 19.14 Reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase.

Figure 19.15 Reaction caused by glutaminase.

Figure 19.16 Synthesis of asparagine.

Figure 19.17 Reaction catalyzed by asparaginase.

Figure 19.18 Reaction of L-amino acid oxidase, a flavoprotein.

Figure 19.20 Major pathways of interorgan nitrogen transport following muscle proteolysis.

Figure 19.21 Synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate and entry into urea cycle.

Figure 19.22 Reaction catalyzed by N-acetylglutamate synthetase.

Figure 19.24 Fumarate from the urea cycle is a source of glucose (1), aspartate (2), or energy (3).

Figure 19.25 Detoxification reactions as alternatives to the urea cycle.

Figure 19.26 Synthesis of arginine in intestines and kidney.

Figure 19.27 Synthesis of glutamic semialdehyde.

Figure 19.28 Synthesis of ornithine and proline from glutamic semialdehyde, a shared intermediate.

Figure 19.29 Synthesis of serine.

Figure Formation of selenocysteinyl tRNA from seryl tRNA is via a phosphoseryl tRNA intermediate. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19.31 Glycine is the product of serine hydroxymethyltransferase.

Figure 19.32 Glycine cleavage is pyridoxalphosphate-dependent.

Figure 19.33 Metabolism of serine for gluconeogenesis.

Figure 19.34 Reaction of serine dehydratase requires pyridoxal phosphate.

Figure 19.35 Hydroxyprolines

Figure 19.36 Outline of threonine metabolism.

Figure 19.37 Phenylalanine hydroxylase catalyzes the conversion of phenyalanine to tyrosine.

Figure Biopterin. 5,6,7,8- N tetrahydrobiopterin is the cofactor required for the hydroxylation and is oxidized to 7,8- dihydrobiopterin. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19.39 Minor products of phenylalanine metabolism.

Figure 19.40 Degradation of tyrosine.

Figure 19.41 Synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine.

Figure 19.42 Synthesis of cysteine from S-adenosylmethionine.

Figure 19.43 Homocysteine desulfhydrase.

Figure 19.44 Resynthesis of methionine.

Figure 19.45 Metabolism of cysteine.

Figure 19.46 Metabolism of tryptophan.

Figure 19.47 Principal pathway of lysine degradation.

Figure 19.48 Pipecolate, a minor product of lysine metabolism.

Figure 19.49 Degradation of histidine.

Figure 19.50 Common reactions in degradation of branched-chain amino acids.

Figure 19.51 Terminal reactions in degradation of valine and isoleucine.

Figure 19.52 Terminal reactions of leucine degradation.

Figure 19.53 Interconversion of propionyl CoA, methylmalonyl CoA, and succinyl CoA.

Figure 19.54 Choline and related compounds.

Figure 19.55 Agmatine, a product of arginine metabolism.

Figure 19.56 Oxidation of glycine.

Figure S-Adenosylmethionine is the methyl donor used in the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19.59 Synthesis of PAPS.

Figure 19.60 Synthesis of thiocysteine.

Figure 19.61 Formation of thiosulfate.

Figure 19.62 Detoxification of cyanide by products of cysteine metabolism.

Figure 19.63 Catecholamine synthesis.

Figure Major urinary excretion products of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19.65 Tyrosinase and intermediates in melanin formation.

Figure 19. 66 (a) Trihydroxyphenylalanine (TOPA)
Figure (a) Trihydroxyphenylalanine (TOPA). (b) Amine oxidase reaction. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19. 67 (a) Synthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)
Figure (a) Synthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). (b) Structure of melatonin. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19.68 Biosynthesis of carnitine.

Figure 19.70 Anserine and carnosine.

Figure 19.71 Decarboxylation of ornithine to putrescine.

Figure 19.72 Polyamine synthesis.

Figure 19.73 Synthesis of creatine.

Figure 19.74 Spontaneous reaction forming creatinine.

Figure 19. 75 (a) Scavenging of peroxide by glutathione peroxidase
Figure (a) Scavenging of peroxide by glutathione peroxidase. (b) Regeneration of reduced glutathione by glutathione reductase. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19.76 Conjugation of a drug by glutathione transferase.

Figure 19.77 Synthesis of glutathione.

Figure 19.78 y-Glutamyl cycle for transporting amino acids.

Figure 19.79 Buthionine sulfoximine.

Figure 19.80 Structure of heme.

Figure 19.81 Pathway for heme biosynthesis.

Figure Action of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase, an example of the conversion of a porphyrinogen to a porphyrin. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 19.83 Synthesis of α–aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase.

Figure 19.84 Synthesis of porphobilinogen.

Figure 19.85 Synthesis of uroporphyrinogens I and III.

Figure 19.86 Formation of bilirubin from heme

Figure 19.87 Biosynthesis of bilirubin diglucuronide.

Figure 19.1 Outline of entry of atmospheric nitrogen into the animal diet. PhotoDisc, Inc. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited.

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Figure 19.1 Outline of entry of atmospheric nitrogen into the animal diet. PhotoDisc, Inc. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited.

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Presentation on theme: "Figure 19.1 Outline of entry of atmospheric nitrogen into the animal diet. PhotoDisc, Inc. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited."— Presentation transcript:

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