1. Deviance and Social Control

2. Caption: "On Aug. 7, 1930, Lawrence Beitler took what would become the most iconic photograph of lynching in America. Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith were lynched in the town center of Marion, Ind., for allegedly murdering a white factory worker, Claude Deeter, and raping his companion, Mary Ball. But the case was never solved" (Source: NPR).

3. Definitions Conformity and Deviance Social Control is Universal
Obeying or violating rules and norms
Social Control is Universal
Enforcement of norms
Formal Control
Social Institutions
Crime
Violation of norms written into laws

4. Relativity of Deviance
It is not the act itself but the reactions to the act that makes something deviant (Becker)
Crime and deviance are defined by culture, change over time and effected by social environment
Under the right circumstances, almost any behavior can qualify as deviant

5. Explanations Biology and Psychology Sociology
Factors within individual
Genetic and brain abnormalities, personality
Sociology
External environment
Factors outside of the individual

6. Symbolic Interaction Microanalysis
Focus on deviance as learned through our interactions
Use of symbols to socially construct deviant identities through labels

7. Symbolic Interaction 1. Differential Association
Different groups we associate with
Deviance learned from primary/secondary groups
Duration, intensity, priority, and frequency
2. Control Theory or Bond Theory
Inner Controls – our conscience and morality
Outer Controls – groups that teach right and wrong
Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief
Deviance occurs when one’s controls or bonds are weak

8. Symbolic Interaction 3. Labeling Theory
Labels affect self perception resulting in conformity
or deviance
Primary Deviance – isolated deviant acts
Secondary Deviance – becomes engrained in one’s identity
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy occurs as labels reinforce and deviance

9. Functionalism Deviance Maintains Social Order
Examples of unacceptable behavior
Binds people together through common rejection of deviant behavior
Provides work for those who deal with deviants
Signals social problems that need to be addressed and thereby creates positive change
Opens society to creative new ways of thinking
(Source: Our Social World, Ballantine)

10. Functionalism Strain Theory Strain to fulfill societal expectations
Wealth, education, social status, and material success
Frustration resulting from gap between socially shared goals and access to legitimate methods of achieving them
Conformists – legitimate opportunities
Innovators – illegitimate opportunities

11. (Source: Our Social World, Ballantine)

12. Functionalism Social Disorganization Theory
Dysfunction in society results in a lack of social control and anomie
Neighborhoods with high drug use, violence, crime, and deprivation
Anomie: a breakdown of norms
Anomie is also likely in conditions of rapid urbanization, war, or economic change

13. Functionalism Cultural Deviance Theory
Social disorganization in communities creates a subculture of deviance
Deviant culture with its own values and norms as an adaption to deprivation in social environment

14. Functionalism Rational Choice Theory Logical choice Risk versus Reward
Current laws view crime as a rational choice

15. Conflict Perspective Conflict Theory Macroanalysis
Power Elite create definitions and punishments of deviance and crime
Law used to maintain power and privilege
Crimes of poor punished
Crimes of privileged forgiven or lessened

16. Social Problems Recidivism Prison population disparities
Percentage of prisoners committing crime and being re-arrested
3 out of 4 prisoners with prior record
Prison population disparities
Mass incarceration
Racial Inequality in the Criminal Justice System
School-To-Prison Pipeline